Garo Hills

The Garo Hills (Pron: ˈgɑ:rəʊ) are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India.^[1] They are inhabited mainly by tribal dwellers, the majority of whom are Garo people.^[2] It is one of the wettest places in the world. The range is part of the Meghalaya subtropical forests ecoregion.^[3][4]

People who reside in the Garo Hills are known as the Garos. Besides the Garo hills, there are Garo settlements in the plains of Assam and Bangladesh. The Garos call themselves A·chik (Locally used).

Demographics

Garo Hills comprises 5 districts. Tura is the largest town with a population of about 70,000 located at the foothills of often cloud covered Tura peak. The town is centrally located to other popular game/wild life sanctuaries in the district such as Balpakram and Nokrek, natural caves (the Siju Cave being one of the longest in Asia). These places are rich reserves of natural flora and fauna.^[5]

Society

The traditional Garo female dress is a piece of cloth around the waist and a blouse or vest. The men usually wear, in addition to cloth, a turban. Males and females both wear bangles and earrings. The chief meals of the Garos consist of rice with onions, capsicum and salt thrice a day. Practically all types of animal foods are taken. The liquor is not distilled, but prepared by brewing food grains.

The society is matrilineal like the Khasis and the Jaintias. Till death, the new-born baby belongs to the mother's family, irrespective of sex, even after marriage. Marriage within the clan is completely prohibited and severely punishable for both the Khasis and the Garos. Till now, the institution of Bachelors Dormitories which is gradually disappearing amongst the tribes of North Eastern Region, are found in the Garo villages. In such dormitories young people stay and live together till they are married. They receive various training in the dormitories like protection of crops, construction of roads, organising festivals, sports and ceremonies. This institution is similar to ancient agoges of Sparta. The Khasis and Garos are now mostly Christians. But before that, they used to be nature-worshipers.^[6]

Garo Hills known for its abundance of wildlife attracts naturalists and photographers to capture the multifaceted sights of a unique range of flora and fauna. Two mountain ranges - the Arabella range and the Tura range, pass through the Garo Hills, forming the great Balpakram valley in between. The headquarters town of Tura is 323 km via Guwahati, at an altitude of 657 m. The highest point in the Garo Hills is Nokrek Peak with elevation of 1412 m.^[7]

Tura has an amazing landscape of hills against a backdrop of low-lying plains.^[8] A sunset view can be best seen from Tura Peak at 1,400 m and its summit can be reached by a 5 km trek, partly by hiking and also by rock-climbing.

Places of Interest

These are locations in and around Garo Hills which are tourist spots. These include:^[9]

• Nokrek Peak: The highest point of the Garo Hills region of the State, Nokrek Peak stands 1412 metres above sea level. The mother germo plasm of Citrus-indica have been discovered by science researchers withinNokrek Range. This discovery led to the establishment of the National CitrusGene Sanctuary-cum-Biosphere Reserve at Nokrek covering an area of forty sevensquare kilometres.
• Tura Peak: A majestic hill stands on the eastern flankof Tura, the largest town in the Garo Hills region of the State. It peaks 872metres above sea level. A tourist-bungalow, an observatory and aCinchona-plantation are located at Tura Peak and its environs.
• Imilchang Dare: This waterfall is located close to Asakgre village in South Garo Hills district. The deep, wide pool at the bottomof the fall with its wide and expansive surroundings make it an excitingswimming pool, full of fish of varied size and colour.
• Balpakram: A National Wildlife Park, located in SouthGaro Hills and 167 km from Tura. It is home to the rare Lesser Panda, the Indian bison and the Stag like Serow. A variety of medicinal herbs locally called "dikges" grow abundantly in Balpakram.
• Napak Lake: Located at a distance of 112 km from Tura, ideal for fishing and bird watching with the river Simsang flowing nearby.
• Siju Caves: The famous limestone caves of Siju are located near Naphak Lake.
• Borkona Kali Ashram: Located about 40 km from Tura on Tura- Mankachar road is oldest Hindu Mutt founded by Muslim Saint about 100 years ago. Presently headed by Sri Sri Shyamanand Brahmachari.
• Belbari Vidya Bharati Residential School: The residential school of Belbari- Joyphar is about 3 km from Borkona Kali Ashram is biggest residential school in rural Garo Hills. It hosts students from all major and minor tribal groups of Meghalaya.

See also

• West Garo Hills district
• North Garo Hills
• Resubelpara
• Khasi Hills
• Patkai

References

1. "Garo Hills-The Ecological Canvas of Meghalaya".
2. Subba, T.B.; Ghosh, G.C., eds. (2003). The anthropology of North-East India. Hyderabad: Orient Longman. ISBN 81-250-2335-6.
3. Joshi, H.G. (2004). Meghalaya: past and present (1st ed.). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. ISBN 81-7099-980-4.
4. Singh, V.B.; Sema, K. Akali; Alila, Pauline, eds. (2006). Horticulture for sustainable income and environmental protection. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. ISBN 81-8069-221-3.
5. Karlsson, Bengt G. (2010). Unruly hills: a political ecology of India's northeast. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 0-85745-104-9.
6. http://shillong.com/content/people-meghalaya
7. Bhatt, S. C.; Bhargava, Gopal K., eds. (2006). Meghalaya. Delhi: Kalpaz publ. ISBN 81-7835-374-1.
8. West garo hills. [S.l.]: General Books. 2010. ISBN 1-158-71563-3.
9. http://shillong.com/content/places-interest-tourists

Coordinates: 25°30′N 90°20′E / 25.500°N 90.333°E