List of United States Navy enlisted rates

Rating badge of Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

A United States Navy enlisted rate indicates where an enlisted Sailor stands within the chain of command, and also defines one's pay grade. An enlisted sailor's rate is similar conceptually to a naval officer's rank. Only Naval Officers carry the term "rank". The word rate refers to an enlisted sailor's pay grade, while the word rating refers to one's area of occupational specialization within the enlisted Navy. Associated with the enlisted pay grades is a numbering system from the most junior enlisted sailor ("E-1") to the most senior enlisted sailor ("E-9"). This enlisted numbering system is the same across all five branches of the U.S. Military. All E-1 through E-3 are known as Seamen. E-4 through E-6 are called Petty Officers. All E-7s are called Chief Petty Officer, E-8s Senior Chief Petty Officer, and E-9s Master Chief Petty Officer.^[1] Rates are displayed on a rating badge, which is a combination of rate and rating. E-2s and E-3s have color-coded group rate marks based on their career field. Personnel in pay grade E-1, since 1996, do not have an insignia to wear.^[2]

Ratings are earned through "A" schools, which are attended before deployment and after undergoing initial basic training at Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois, or (less commonly) by "striking" for a rating through on-the-job training (OJT) in the Fleet. Some members may undergo additional training in a "C" school either before or after a tour of duty. Upon completion, they are assigned a four-digit Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) code, which identifies a specific skill within their standard rating. This defines what jobs they are qualified to do. For example, some billets might not only require a Corpsman First Class, but might specify that he/she has NEC 8402 (Submarine Force Independent Duty), NEC 8403 (Fleet Marine Forces Reconnaissance Independent Duty Corpsman), or any other of several NECs depending upon the billet's requirements.^[3]

On September 29, 2016, the United States Navy discontinued enlisted ratings after 241 years of use. Service members were thereafter to be referred to solely by their rank and would hold a Navy Operations Specialty (NOS) instead of a rate. The rating symbols depicted for each rating badge listed below (except for the rating badge of the Command Master Chief) is Boatswain's Mate.^[2]

E-1 to E-3

Sailors in pay grades E-1 through E-3 are considered to be in apprenticeships.^[4] They are divided into five definable groups, with colored group rate marks designating the group to which they belong: Seaman, Fireman, Airman, Constructionman, and Hospitalman. One of three apprentice devices may be worn above the rank insignia, which denotes the sailor is an apprentice in a particular field and is in search of a rating to join.^[5] Sailors who have gone directly to a base, station, or ship without any specialized training are eligible to select a career field, and through correspondence courses and extensive on-the-job training, may qualify for a rating. This process is called "striking for a rate." If an enlisted member has qualified for a rate, but has not yet become a petty officer, he is called a designated striker, and is identified by a striker's badge that displays the sailor's rating, along with his group rate marks.^[1] The serviceperson is addressed by one's group designation, if known (e.g., Fireman Jones, Constructionman Apprentice Smith); by the generic appellation 'seaman'; or by one's striker designation (Boatswain's Mate Seaman Watson, Culinary Specialist Seaman Recruit Johnson).^[4] Those that have completed the "A" school for Hospital Corpsman wear their caduceus above their stripes and substitute the word "Seaman" for "Hospitalman" in their rank titles.

In the September 2016 rating change, it was announced that only the "seaman" group would remain as the rank title for E1-E3, with the others being retired.^[6]

Sleeve insignia	Collar device	Rate title	US DoD Pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
No Insignia		Seaman Recruit	E-1	SR / HR	OR-1
No Insignia		Fireman Recruit	E-1	FR	OR-1
No Insignia		Airman Recruit	E-1	AR	OR-1
No Insignia		Constructionman Recruit	E-1	CR	OR-1
		Seaman Apprentice	E-2	SA / HA	OR-2
		Fireman Apprentice	E-2	FA	OR-2
		Airman Apprentice	E-2	AA	OR-2
		Constructionman Apprentice	E-2	CA	OR-2
		Seaman	E-3	SN / HN	OR-3
		Fireman	E-3	FN	OR-3
		Airman	E-3	AN	OR-3
		Constructionman	E-3	CN	OR-3

E-4 to E-6

Petty Officers wearing service dress blue uniforms displaying both red and gold rating badges and service stripes.

E-4 to E-6 are non-commissioned officers (NCOs), and are specifically called Petty Officers in the Navy.^[5] Petty Officers perform not only the duties of their specific career field but also serve as leaders to junior enlisted personnel. They must take responsibility for their subordinates, address grievances, inform the chain of command on matters pertaining to good order and discipline, and may even have to place personnel on report.^[7] The title Petty Officer comes from the French word petit, meaning something small. In medieval England, villages had several "petite" or "petty" officers who were subordinate to major officials. Thus, Petty Officers are assistants to senior officers.^[8]

Petty Officers have been an important part of the U.S. Navy since its beginning. They were originally appointed by the ship's captain and usually held such appointments while serving under the captain who selected them. The Petty Officers of this time did not have uniforms or a rank insignia.^[8] In 1841 a rate badge was assigned, consisting of a sleeve device displaying an eagle perched on an anchor. Rating marks did not appear until 1866.^[8]

From 1885 to 1894, the Navy recognized three classes of Petty Officers—first, second, and third. These noncommissioned officers were authorized to wear a "rate" (rank) insignia consisting of chevrons pointing down under a spread eagle and a rating mark.^[8] Unlike the current rate badge, the eagle faced right instead of left.^[5] The current insignia for Petty Officers came about in 1894, and is a perched eagle with spread wings facing left (usually referred to as a "crow," due to its black color on white uniforms and the outdated dungaree working uniforms) atop a rating mark, with chevrons denoting their rank below.^[5]

The authority to wear gold rating badges and service stripes on the dress blue and working coverall uniform is granted when a sailor completes and maintains twelve consecutive years of honorable service without any official record of bad conduct due to punitive action via non-judicial punishment or courts martial. The gold rating badges and service stripes are distinct from the Good Conduct Medal, which is awarded for three years of honorable service.^[9]

Coloration of the insignia for E-4 through E-9 depends upon the uniform worn. Black cloth with red or gold embroidered stripes is used on the winter uniforms, while white cloth with black embroidered stripes is used on the summer uniforms, and medium blue cloth with red or gold embroidered stripes is used on the working coverall.^[5]

Sleeve insignia		Collar device	Rate title	US DoD Pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
			Petty Officer Third Class	E-4	PO3	OR-4
			Petty Officer Second Class	E-5	PO2	OR-5
			Petty Officer First Class	E-6	PO1	OR-6

E-7 to E-9

E-7 to E-9 are still considered Petty Officers, but are considered a separate community within the Navy. They have separate berthing and dining facilities (where feasible), wear separate uniforms, and perform separate duties. Advancement to Chief Petty Officer (E-7) or above requires a board review by existing Master Chief Petty Officers beyond the normal examination score and performance evaluation process. The annual list of Chief selectees is authorized by Congress, leading CPOs to sometimes state, "it took an act of Congress to put these anchors here, it will take an act of Congress to take them off." However it only takes a court martial to "bust a Chief".^[10]

The proper form of address to a Chief Petty Officer is "Chief", "Senior Chief" (or "Senior"), or "Master Chief" according to their rating.^[11] In the U.S. Navy, Chief Petty Officers are specifically tasked, in writing, with the duty of training Junior Officers (Ensign, Lieutenant (j.g.), and Lieutenant).^[12]

Although the title "Chief" has been around since the Continental Navy in 1776, the Chief Petty Officer rate was not established until 1 April 1893. At that time nearly all enlisted members who had carried the rate of Petty Officer First Class since 1885 were advanced to Chief Petty Officer, with the exception of Schoolmasters, Ship's Writers, and Carpenter's Mates.^[10]

The rates Senior Chief and Master Chief were established on 1 June 1958. To be eligible for advancement to Senior Chief, a Chief Petty Officer must have had three years in the current grade. For advancement to Master Chief, a Senior Chief must have a total of three years in the current grade.

The dress blue insignia consists of a perched eagle or "crow" with spread wings atop a rating mark, with three chevrons and one 'rocker' above the rating mark. Inverted five-point stars above the crow denote the rank of Senior Chief (one star) or Master Chief (two stars). All other uniforms use the collar device to denote rank. It consists of a fouled anchor (an anchor that is entangled with its chain)^[13] with the initials U S N in silver, superimposed, with stars above the anchor to indicate higher pay grades, similar to the dress blue insignia.^[14]

Sleeve insignia		Collar device	Rate title	US DoD Pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
			Chief Petty Officer	E-7	CPO	OR-7
			Senior Chief Petty Officer	E-8	SCPO	OR-8
			Master Chief Petty Officer	E-9	MCPO	OR-9

Command Master Chief and Command Senior Chief

After attaining the rate of Master Chief Petty Officer, a service member may choose to further his or her career by becoming a Command Master Chief Petty Officer (CMDCM). A CMDCM is considered to be the senior-most enlisted service member within a command, and is the special assistant to the Commanding Officer in all matters pertaining to the health, welfare, job satisfaction, morale, utilization, advancement and training of the command's enlisted personnel.^[15][16] CMCs can be Command level (within a single unit, such as a ship or shore station), Fleet level (squadrons consisting of multiple operational units, headed by a flag officer or commodore), or Force level (consisting of a separate community within the Navy, such as Subsurface, Air, Reserves).^[17]

On July 30, 2015, the Navy created a new rating of Command Senior Chief (CMDCS).^[18]

Both Command Senior Chief and Command Master Chief existed as a position before being authorized as separate rates. For example, there could be a Senior Chief Bo'sun's Mate acting as Command Senior Chief or a Master Chief Personnelman who acts as the Command Master Chief.

CMDCM insignia are similar to the insignia for Master Chief, except that the rating symbol is replaced by an inverted five-point star, reflecting a change in their rating from their previous rating (i.e., MMCM) to CMDCM. The stars for Command Master Chief are silver, while stars for Fleet or Force Master Chief are gold. Additionally, CMDCMs wear a badge, worn on their left breast pocket, denoting their title (Command/Fleet/Force).^[14][16]

Sleeve insignia	Collar device	Rate title	US DoD Pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
		Command Master Chief Petty Officer	E-9	CMDCM	OR-9
		Fleet/Force Master Chief Petty Officer	E-9	FLTCM/FORCM	OR-9

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) is the senior enlisted person in the Navy, appointed by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) to serve as a spokesperson to address the issues of enlisted personnel to the highest positions in the Navy. The MCPON is the senior enlisted advisor to the Chief of Naval Operations and Chief of Naval Personnel.^[19] Exact duties vary, depending on the CNO, though the duties generally include traveling throughout the Navy, observing training and talking to sailors and their families. The MCPON serves on several boards concerned with enlisted members, represents the Department of the Navy at special events, and may be called upon to testify before Congress regarding enlisted personnel issues.^[20]

The position was originally established as "Senior Enlisted Advisor of the Navy" in January 1967^[20] in response to a recommendation from the Secretary of the Navy's task force on Navy personnel retention.^[19] Three months later, the title was officially changed to "Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy". The individual rating specialty marks for the MCPON was replaced by an inverted star in 1971.^[20]

The MCPON's current insignia is similar to Fleet or Force CMCs, with the addition of a third star above the crow or anchor.^[14]

Sleeve insignia	Collar device	Rate title	US DoD Pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
		Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy	E-9	MCPON	OR-9

See also

• List of United States Navy enlisted warfare designations
• Uniforms of the United States Navy
• Badges of the United States Navy
• List of Naval Officer Designators
• United States Navy officer rank insignia
• List of United States Navy staff corps
• Military Occupational Specialty
• List of United States Coast Guard enlisted rates

References

1. "Navy Ranks". Bluejacket.com. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
2. "Rate Insignia of Navy Enlisted Personnel". U. S. Navy. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
3. Powers, Rod. "Hospital Corpsman: Navy NECs". About.com. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
4. "Group rate marks for pay grades E-1 through E-3". U. S. Navy. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
5. "Enlisted Rate/Rating Insignia". United States Navy Uniform Regulations. BUPERS, U. S. Navy. Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
6. Faram, Mark. "Navy scuttles sailors' enlisted rating titles in huge career shake-up". Navy Times. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
7. "Petty Officer responsibility". Military Requirements for Petty Officers Third and Second Class. Integrated Publishing. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
8. "Traditions of the Naval Service (Petty Officer)". Naval Historical Center, United States Navy. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
9. "Rate/Rank Insignia". United States Navy Uniform Regulations (PDF). BUPERS, U. S. Navy. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
10. "Chief Petty Officer". Frequently Asked Questions. Naval Historical Center, U. S. Navy. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
11. "Military Courtesy—Relations With the Command Master Chief". Naval Orientation. Integrated Publishing. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
12. "Navy Enlisted Advancement System - Chief Petty Officer (E-7)". Navy Professional Development Center, Military.com. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
13. "Foul Anchor definition". Navy Historical Facts and Trivia. Archived from the original on 2006-12-31. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
14. "United States Navy Uniform Regulations CPO Rating". BUPERS, U. S. Navy. Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-26. |chapter= ignored (help)
15. "Navy Enlisted Advancement System - Master Chief". Navy Professional Development Center, Military.com. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
16. "Senior And Master Chiefs As Principal Enlisted Advisor". Military Requirements for Senior and Master Chief Petty Officer Chief. Integrated Publishing. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
17. "Chief of Naval Operations OPNAV Instructions 1306.2D". Navydata, U. S. Navy. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
18. http://www.stripes.com/news/navy-creates-new-command-senior-chief-rate-1.360530
19. "Senior and Master Chiefs as Principal Enlisted Advisor". Military Requirements for Senior and Master Chief Petty Officer. Integrated Publishing. pp. 2–1. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
20. "Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy". U. S. Navy Factfile. U. S. Navy. Retrieved 2007-01-28.