List of star forts

A 17th-century plan of the fortress town of Coevorden in the Netherlands.

This is a list of star forts.

Canada

Fort George on Citadel Hill, Halifax, Nova Scotia

• Fort Prince of Wales, in Churchill, Manitoba
• Fort Beauséjour, in Aulac, New Brunswick
• Fort Anne, in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
• Fort George, Citadel Hill, in Halifax, Nova Scotia
• Fort Erie, in Fort Erie, Ontario
• Fort George, in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario
• Fort Mississauga, in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario

Citadel of Quebec, in Quebec City.

• Citadel of Quebec, in Quebec City, Quebec
• Ramparts of Quebec City, Quebec

Croatia

• Karlovac
• Osijek (Tvrđa)
• Pula
• Slavonski Brod

Cuba

There are three or four star forts (depending on your definition) around the harbor area of Havana:

1. Castillo de San Salvador de la Punta, S corner at the mouth of the harbor: currently houses the Museum of Fortifications and Armaments
2. Castillo del Morro, N corner at the mouth of the harbor: currently houses a maritime museum
3. Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabaña, N side of the channel: maybe not as 'starrish' as the others
4. Castillo de la Real Fuerza, S side of the channel

Cyprus

Map of Nicosia in Cyprus, created in 1597.

• Venetian walls of Nicosia, Nicosia

Czech Republic

Josefov Fortress in Jaroměř

• Olomouc
• Fortress Josefov - almost completely preserved, now part of Jaroměř
• Terezín - almost completely preserved
• Hradec Králové - dismantled in 1884, only small fractions of the fortifications are preserved
• Jablunkovské šance in Mosty u Jablunkova

Denmark

Kronborg Castle, Helsingør

• Kastellet, Copenhagen
• Kronborg, Helsingør
• Fredericia, Jutland (Walls of the old city)

Estonia

Kronborg Castle, Helsingør

• Kuressaare Castle
• Tallinn Old Town

Finland

Svartholm from the air.

• Suomenlinna
• Hamina Fortress
• Svartholm fortress
• Kärnäkoski Fortress
• Hämeenlinna

France

Aerial photograph of Neuf Brisach.

• Bayonne, Aquitaine
• Belfort, Franche-Comté
• Bellegarde, Le Perthus
• Blaye, Aquitaine
• Citadel of Arras, Pas-de-Calais
• Citadel of Besançon, Franche-Comté
• Citadel of Bitche, Lorraine
• Citadel of Calais, Pas-de-Calais
• Citadel of Montreuil-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais
• Citadel of Lille, Nord
• Fort Barraux, Isère
• Fort Mont-Valérien, Paris
• Fort de La Prée, Ile de Ré
• Fort de Bellegarde, Le Perthus
• Fort of Mont Alban, Nice
• Fort Carré, Antibes, French riviera
• Fort Legarde, Languedoc-Roussillon
• Mont-Louis, Languedoc-Roussillon
• Neuf Brisach, Haut Rhin
• Perpignan, Languedoc-Roussillon
• Place forte of Mont-Dauphin, Haute-Alpes
• St Jean Pied de Port, Aquitaine
• Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Poitou-Charentes
• Bergues, Nord
• Le Quesnoy, Nord
• Maubeuge, Nord
• Rocroi, Ardennes
• Toul, Lorraine

Germany

Marienberg Fortress in Würzburg.

• Augsburg
• Dömitz
• Spandau Citadel
• Frankfurt am Main
• Hamburg
• Jülich
• Lübeck
• Mainz
• Marienberg-Würzburg
• Rostock
• Vechta

Hungary

Star (Hungarian: Csillag) fortress

• Komarom fortification system includes three forts Csillag, Monostor and Igmandi

India

• Allahabad Fort, Allahabad
• Bombay Castle, Mumbai
• Fort Bassein, Mumbai
• Fort St. George, Chennai
• Fort Aguada, Goa
• Reis Magos Fort, Goa
• Anchuthengu Fort, Kerala
• St. Angelo Fort, Kerala
• Tellicherry Fort, Kerala
• Fort William, Kolkata
• Manjarabad Fort, Sakleshpur

Italy

Map of Palmanova in 1600.

Palmanova from the air.

• Capua, Capua, Lazio
• Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, Lazio
• Citadel of Alessandria, Alessandria, Piedmont
• Citadel of Ancona, Ancona, Marche
• Citadel of Bergamo, Bergamo, Lombardy
• Castello Aragonese, Otranto, Lecce
• Castello di Barletta, Barletta, Puglia
• Castello di Copertino, Copertino, Lecce
• Castello di Mola di Bari, Mola di Bari, Bari
• Castello di Santa Severina, Santa Severina, Crotone
• City walls of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna
• Forte Belvedere, Florence, Tuscany
• Forte Diamante, Genoa, Liguria
• Forte Puin, Genoa, Liguria
• Forte San Giacomo, Vado Ligure, Liguria
• Forte Sangallo, Civita Castellana, Lazio
• Forte Santa Tecla, Genoa, Liguria
• Forte Spagnolo, L'Aquila, Abruzzo
• Fortezza Medicea, Arezzo, Tuscany
• Grosseto, Grosseto, Tuscany
• Guastalla, Emilia-Romagna
• Forte Stella, Porto Ercole, Tuscany
• Old Fortress, Livorno, Tuscany
• Fortress da Basso, Florence, Tuscany
• Fortress of Poggio Imperiale, Poggibonsi, Tuscany
• Fortress of Priamar, Savona, Liguria
• Fortress of Radicofani, Tuscany
• Fortress of Vinadio, Vinadio, Piedmont
• Palmanova, Palmanova, Friuli Venezia Giulia
• Peschiera del Garda, Veneto
• Porto Azzurro, Livorno, Tuscany
• Real Cittadella, Messina, Sicily
• Sabbioneta, Sabbioneta, Lombardy
• Sansepolcro, Sansepolcro, Tuscany
• Terra del Sole, Terra del Sole, Emilia-Romagna
• Venice - Star fort on mainland near railroad bridge

Republic of Ireland

• Duncannon Fort, Duncannon, County Wexford
• Charles Fort, Kinsale
• Elizabeth Fort, Cork
• James' Fort, Kinsale
• Ticrohan Castle, Clonard, County Meath

Japan

The 19th-century Goryokaku.

• Goryōkaku in Hokkaido
• Tatsuokajō (龍岡城) in Saku, Nagano, Honshu

Lithuania

Klaipėda Castle from the air.

• Biržai Castle
• Klaipėda Castle

Malaysia

• Fort Cornwallis in George Town, Penang

Malta

Fort Saint Elmo in Valletta.

• Fort Saint Elmo
• Fort Manoel

Mexico

• San Carlos Fortress
• Fort of San Diego
• San Juan de Ulúa

Netherlands

Groningen

Fort Bourtange.

• Appingedam
• Bourtange
• Delfzijl
• Groningen
• Nieuweschans
• Oudeschans
• Winschoten

Friesland

• Bolsward
• Dokkum
• Franeker
• Harlingen
• Leeuwarden
• Sloten
• Sneek
• Stavoren

Drenthe

• Coevorden

Overijssel

• Blokzijl
• Deventer
• Enschede
• Goor
• Hasselt
• Kampen
• Oldenzaal
• Ommen
• Ootmarsum
• Steenwijk
• Vollenhove
• Zwolle

Gelderland

• Arnhem
• Bredevoort
• Doesburg
• Doetinchem
• Elburg
• Groenlo
• Harderwijk
• Hattem
• Lochem
• Nijmegen
• Tiel
• Wageningen
• Zaltbommel
• Zutphen

Utrecht

• Amersfoort
• Oudewater
• Utrecht
• Woerden

Noord-Holland

Model of the fortifications of Naarden.

• Alkmaar
• Amsterdam
• Edam
• Enkhuizen
• Haarlem
• Hoorn
• Medemblik
• Monnickendam
• Muiden
• Naarden
• Purmerend
• Weesp

Zuid-Holland

• Brielle
• Gorinchem
• Hellevoetsluis
• Nieuwpoort

Zeeland

• Aardenburg
• Brouwershaven
• Fort Bath
• Goes
• Hulst
• IJzendijke
• Middelburg
• Oostburg
• Retranchement
• Sluis
• Vlissingen
• Zierikzee

Noord-Brabant

Willemstad from the air.

• Bergen op Zoom
• Breda
• Geertruidenberg
• Grave
• Helmond
• 's-Hertogenbosch
• Heusden
• Klundert
• Megen
• Oss
• Ravenstein
• Steenbergen
• Willemstad
• Woudrichem

Limburg

• Arcen
• Gennep
• Maastricht
• Nieuwstadt
• Roermond
• Sittard
• Stevensweert
• Venlo
• Weert

Norway

• Fredrikstad Fortress, Fredrikstad
• Fredriksten, Halden
• Fredriksvern, Stavern
• Kongsvinger Fortress, Kongsvinger
• Kristiansten Fortress, Trondheim
• Vardøhus Fortress, Vardø

Philippines

• Intramuros

Portugal

The Fortress of Almeida

• Almeida
• Azores-Fortaleza de São João Baptista/Fortaleza de São Sebastião (Terceira)
• Cascais-Forte de Santo António da Barra, Cidadela de Cascais
• Elvas-Forte de Santa Luzia
• Estremoz
• Évora
• Lisbon-Forte de São Bruno, Forte de São Julião da Barra (Oeiras)
• Monção
• Peniche
• Valença

Poland

• Zamość Fortress
• Koźle
• Boyen Fortress
• Poznań Fortress
• Krzyżtopór
• Kłodzko Fortress
• Srebrnogórska Fortress
• Nysa
• Gdańsk
• Wisloujscie Fortress

Puerto Rico

1. Fort San Cristóbal, San Juan
2. Fort San Felipe del Morro, San Juan

Romania

• Arad
• Alba Iulia
• Făgăraș
• Oradea
• Timișoara
• Ada Kaleh

Serbia

• Kalemegdan
• Petrovaradin
• Niš Fortress
• Sremska Rača

Slovakia

Star Fort in Komárno, Slovakia.

• Nové Zámky - only to be seen as a hexagonally shaped city centre
• Komárno - mostly preserved city fortification complex contains Komárno fortress(New and Old) and fortifications of the city as Palatine's line and Vah's line and also thre forts in the area of neighbouring city Komárom (Igmand, Csillag (English: Star) and Monostor) (see Hungary)
• Leopoldov - mostly preserved, serving as state prison built like Fortres Leopoldov
• Holíč - château of the Habsburgs named Holíč Castle (Slovak: Holíčsky kaštieľ) rebuilt from a 17th-century fortress with the history going to 12th century.

South Africa

• Fort de Goede Hoop 1652-1674, demolished after permanent residence was taken up in the Castle of Good Hope.
• Castle of Good Hope 1666-current, constructed to replace the earthen Fort de Goede Hoop.

Spain

One of the bastions of the Citadel of Pamplona.

• Aldea del Obispo - Real Fuerte de la Concepción
• Badajoz
• A Coruña-Castillo de San Antón y Castillo de San Diego
• Barcelona-Castillo de Montjuïc y la Antigua Ciudadela Militar de Barcelona
• Cádiz-Castillo de San Sebastián,Castillo de Santa Catalina,Baluarte de la Candelaria, Fuerte de Puntales y Fuerte de Cortadura
• Ferrol-Castillo de San Felipe y Castillo de de La Palma
• Figueres-Castell de Sant Ferran
• Jaca-Ciudadela de Jaca
• La Línea de la Concepción-fuertes de San Felipe, San Carlos, San Fernando, San José, Santa Mariana,San Benito,y Fuerte de Santa Bárbara
• Pamplona-Ciudadela de Pamplona
• Roses, Girona, Catalonia,-Ciudadela de Rosas
• Salamanca
• Salvaterra de Miño-Castillo de Santiago de Aytona

Sri Lanka

• Star Fort (Matara)
• Jaffna Fort (Jaffna)

Suriname

• Fort New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, Commewijne
• Fort Zeelandia, Waterside, Paramaribo

Sweden

• Landskrona Citadel
• Malmö Castle
• Varberg Fortress
• Älvsborg Castle

United Kingdom

Fort George, Scotland from the air. It is the best preserved fort of its era in the British Isles.

• Fort Amherst, Chatham
• Berwick-upon-Tweed town walls
• Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight
• Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth
• Derry city walls
• Ebrington Barracks, Derry
• Fort George, Highland
• Hilsea Lines, Portsmouth
• Landguard Fort, Felixtowe
• Fort Monckton, Gosport
• Pendennis Castle, Falmouth
• Royal Citadel, Plymouth
• Star Castle, Isles of Scilly
• Tilbury Fort

The outlines of some other star forts from the English Civil War exist. These were often built of ditches and earthen ramparts and were redoubts built to defend weak points in older fortifications such as Fort Royal Hill, Worcester, was built to defend a hill within 17th-century artillery range of the city's medieval walls. A typical example is Earith Bulwark

United States

Fort Morgan in Mobile, Alabama

• Castillo de San Marcos, in Saint Augustine, FL
• Fort Trumbull, in New London, CT
• Fort Mifflin, in Philadelphia, PA
• Fort Delaware, on Pea Patch Island, DE
• Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, MD
• Fort Frederick, in Fort Frederick State Park Big Pool, MD
• Fort Jay, on Governors Island in New York Bay
• Fort Wood, on Liberty Island in New York Bay
• Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain, New York
• Fort Crown Point in Crown Point, New York
• Fort Saint-Frédéric in Crown Point, New York
• Fort William Henry in Lake George, New York
• Fort Johnston (Leesburg, Virginia)
• Fort Monroe in Newport News, VA

Fort Stanwix, Rome, New York.

• Fort Stanwix in Rome, New York
• Fort Ontario in Oswego, New York
• Fort Independence on castle Island in Boston Harbor.
• Fort Negley in Nashville, Tennessee
• Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island
• Fort Wayne (Detroit) in Detroit, Michigan
• Fort Morgan in Mobile, Alabama
• Fort Ligonier in Ligonier, Pennsylvania
• Fort Jackson in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
• Fort Pitt and Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• Fort Jefferson in Dry Tortugas, Florida
• Ninety Six National Historic Site, Star Fort in Ninety Six, South Carolina
• Star Fort, formerly Fort Alabama, Winchester, Virginia
• Fort Warren(Massachusetts)Georges Island in Black Rock Channel off coast of Boston Harbor.

Russia

• Peter and Paul Fortress
• Nyenschantz
• Baltiysk
• Krepost'-Kondurcha (Samara)
• Monrepos (Vyborg)
• Krasnoyarskaya Krepost'
• Cheremshanskaya Krepost"
• Siberian - many of them

Venezuela

• Castillo de San Antonio de la Eminencia, Cumana
• San Felipe Castle

Vietnam

• Citadel of Saigon
• Dien Khanh Citadel
• Bac Ninh Citadel
• Thanh Hoa Citadel
• Vinh Citadel

References