Outline of the Philippines
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Philippines:
The Philippines – sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands[1] with a total land area, including inland bodies of water, of approximately 300,000 square kilometers (120,000 sq mi). Its 36,289 kilometers (22,549 mi) of coastline makes it the country with the 5th longest coastline in the world.[1][2]
General reference
- Pronunciation:
- Common English country name: The Philippines
- Official English country name: The Republic of the Philippines
- Capital of the Philippines: Manila
- Common endonym(s): Pilipinas, 'Pinas
- Official endonym(s): Republika ng Pilipinas
- Adjectives: Philippine, Filipino
- Demonym: Filipino, Pinoy
- Etymology: named after King Philip II of Spain
- International rankings of the Philippines
- ISO country codes: PH, PHL, 608
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PH
- Internet country code top-level domain: .ph
Geography of the Philippines
- The Philippines are: an archipelagic megadiverse island country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Time zone: Philippine Standard Time = ASEAN Common Time (UTC+08)
- Extreme points of the Philippines
- High: Mount Apo 2,954 m (9,692 ft)
- Low: Philippine Sea and South China Sea 0 m
- Land boundaries: none
- Coastline: 36,289 km
- Area of the Philippines: 300,000 km2.
- Atlas of the Philippines
Environment of the Philippines
- Climate of the Philippines
- Environmental issues in the Philippines
- Ecoregions in the Philippines
- Renewable energy in the Philippines
- Geology of the Philippines
Natural geographic features of the Philippines
- Beaches of the Philippines
- Headlands of the Philippines
- National Parks of the Philippines
- Protected areas of the Philippines
- World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
Bodies of water of the Philippines
- Bays of the Philippines
- Baler Bay
- Davao Gulf
- Ilayan Bay
- Iligan Bay
- Lagonoy Gulf
- Laguna de Bay
- Lamon Bay
- Leyte Gulf
- Lingayen Gulf
- Manila Bay
- Moro Gulf
- Pandan Bay
- Panay Gulf
- Ragay Gulf
- San Miguel Bay
- Sibuguey Bay
- Sindangan Bay
- Sorsogon Bay
- Subic Bay
- Tayabas Bay
- Lakes in the Philippines
- Rivers of the Philippines
- Waterfalls of the Philippines
- Seas near the Philippines
- Other bodies of water
- Burias Pass
- Cebu Strait (also called Bohol Strait)
- Luzon Strait
- Mongpong Passage
- Pacific Ocean
- San Bernardino Strait
- San Juanico Strait
- Surigao Strait
- Tablas Strait
- Ticao Pass
- Verde Island Passages
Islands of the Philippines
- Islands of the Philippines
- Island groups of the Philippines
- Some specific islands
- Alabat Island
- Bantayan Island
- Basilan
- Biliran
- Bohol
- Boracay
- Burias Island
- Busuanga Island
- Camiguin
- Catanduanes
- Corregidor
- Coron Island
- Culion Island
- Dinagat Island
- Guimaras
- Homonhon Island
- Leyte
- Limasawa Island
- Lubang Island ** **
- Luzon
- Mactan Island
- Marinduque
- Masbate
- Mindanao
- Mindoro
- Negros
- Nogas Island
- Palawan
- Panay
- Romblon Island
- Samal Island
- Samar Island
- Scarborough Shoal
- Semirara Island
- Siargao Island
- Sibuyan Island
- Sicogon Island
- Siquijor
- Sulu
- Sulu Archipelago
- Tablas Island
- Tawi-Tawi
- Ticao Island
- Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park
- Visayas
Mountains of the Philippines
- Chocolate Hills
- Cordillera Central
- Mount Apo
- Mount Arayat
- Mount Banahaw
- Mount Halcon
- Mount Hibok-Hibok
- Mount Iriga
- Mount Isarog
- Mount Madja-as
- Mount Makiling
- Mount Malepunyo
- Mount Pinatubo
- Mount Pulag
- Sierra Madre Mountains
- Zambales Mountains
Volcanoes of the Philippines
Volcanoes of the Philippines – classified by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) as either active, potentially active, or inactive.[3]
- Active volcanoes in the Philippines
- Potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines
- Inactive volcanoes in the Philippines
Other landforms of the Philippines
- Bataan Peninsula
- Bondoc Peninsula
- Camaya Coast
- Caramoan Peninsula
- Tayabas Isthmus
- Zamboanga Peninsula
Protected areas of the Philippines
Protected areas of the Philippines
National parks and reserves in Northern Luzon
- Agoo Damortis Protected Landscape and Seascape - La Union
- Aurora Memorial National Park - Aurora, Nueva Ecija
- Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park - Kalinga
- Bangan Hill National Park - Nueva Vizcaya
- Bataan National Park - Bataan
- Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape - Batanes
- Bessang Pass Natural Monument - Ilocos Sur
- Biak-na-Bato National Park - Bulacan
- Bigbiga Protected Landscape - Ilocos Sur
- Capas Death March Monument National Shrine - Tarlac
- Casecnan Protected Landscape - Aurora, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino
- Cassamata Hill National Park - Mountain Province
- Fuga Island Marine Reserve - Cagayan
- Fuyot Spring National Park - Isabela
- Hundred Islands National Park - Pangasinan
- Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves - Benguet
- Libunao Protected Landscape - Ilocos Sur
- Lidlidda Protected Landscape - Ilocos Sur
- Magapit Protected Landscape - Cagayan
- Manleluag Spring Protected Landscape - Pangasinan
- Masinloc and Oyon Bay Marine Reserve - Zambales
- Minalungao National Park - Nueva Ecija
- Mount Arayat National Park - Pampanga
- Mount Data National Park - Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province
- Mount Pulag Protected Area - Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya
- Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park - Ilocos Sur
- Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park - Isabela
- Palaui Island Protected Landscape and Seascape - Cagayan
- Paoay Lake National Park - Ilocos Norte
- Patapat National Park - Ilocos Norte
- Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape - Cagayan
- Roosevelt Protected Landscape - Bataan
- Salinas Natural Monument - Nueva Vizcaya
- Santa Lucia Protected Landscape - Ilocos Sur
- Tirad Pass National Park - Ilocos Sur
National parks and reserves in Southern Luzon and Bicol
- Angono Petroglyphs - Rizal
- Bicol Natural Park - Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur
- Bongsanglay Natural Park - Masbate
- Bulusan Volcano National Park - Sorsogon
- Caramoan National Park - Camarines Sur
- Hinulugang Taktak National Park - Rizal
- Libmanan Caves National Park - Camarines Sur
- Mayon Volcano Natural Park - Albay
- Minasawa Island Protected Area - Quezon
- Mounts Banahaw-San Cristobal National Park - Quezon
- Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod Protected Landscape - Cavite, Batangas
- Mount Guiting-Guiting National Park - Romblon
- Mount Isarog Protected Area - Camarines Sur
- Mount Makiling Forest Reserve - Laguna
- Mount Malindig National Park - Marinduque
- Pagsanjan Gorge National Park - Laguna
- Polo Tayabas Municipal Marine Reserve - Quezon
- Quezon National Forest Park - Quezon
- Sibuyan Mountains Cloud Forest Region - Romblon
- Taal Volcano Protected Landscape - Batangas
National parks and reserves in Mindoro and Palawan
- Apo Reef Natural Park - Occidental Mindoro
- Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary - Palawan
- Coron Island Natural Biotic Area - Palawan
- El Nido Marine Reserve - Palawan
- Honda Bay Protected Area - Palawan
- Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape - Palawan
- Morenton Peak Game Refuge - Palawan
- Mount Calavite Wildlife Sanctuary - Occidental Mindoro
- Mount Cleopatra's Needle - Palawan
- Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park - Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro
- Naujan Lake National Park - Oriental Mindoro
- Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park - Palawan
- Stanlake Island Tabon Bird Sanctuary - Palawan
- Tabon Caves - Palawan
- Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park - Palawan
- Ursula Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary - Palawan
National parks and reserves in Visayas
- Apo Island Protected Landscape and Seascape - Negros Oriental
- Banacon Island Marine Sanctuary - Bohol
- Bantayan Island Wilderness Area - Cebu
- Basdiot Fish Sanctuary - Cebu
- Bio-os Marine Reserve - Negros Oriental
- Biri-LAROSA Protected Landscape/Seascape (Northern Samar)
- Bulabog Putian National Park - Iloilo
- Cabolutan Municipal Marine Reserve - Negros Oriental
- Cangmating Municipal Marine Reserve - Negros Oriental
- Central Cebu Protected Landscape - Cebu
- Chocolate Hills National Geological Monument - Bohol
- Danjugan Island Marine Reserve - Negros Occidental
- Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park - Cebu
- Guiuan Marine Reserve Protected Landscape and Seascape - Eastern Samar
- Hilaitan Municipal Marine Reserve - Negros Oriental
- Kuapnit Balinsasayao National Park - Leyte
- Lake Danao Natural Park - Leyte
- Lake Danao Wildlife Sanctuary - Negros Oriental
- Leyte Mountains National Park - Leyte
- MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park - Leyte
- Mactan Island Protected Area - Cebu
- Mahagnao Volcano National Park - Leyte
- Maqueda Bay Protected Area - Samar
- Mount Kanlaon National Park - Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental
- Northern Negros Natural Park - Negros Occidental
- Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park - Aklan, Antique
- Okiot Municipal Marine Reserve - Negros Oriental
- Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary - Cebu
- Poblacion Marine Reserve - Negros Oriental
- Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape - Bohol
- Sagay Marine Reserve - Negros Occidental
- San Jose Municipal Marine Reserve - Negros Oriental
- Sibalom Natural Park - Antique
- Sohoton Natural Bridge-Samar Island Natural Park - Samar
- Taklong Island Marine Reserve - Guimaras
- Villareal Bay Protected Area - Samar
National parks and reserves in Mindanao
- Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary - Agusan del Sur
- Basilan National Park - Basilan
- Butuan Archeological Sites - Butuan
- Davao Gulf Protected Area - Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental
- Initao National Park - Misamis Oriental
- José Rizal Memorial Protected Landscape - Zamboanga del Norte
- Lake Butig National Park - Lanao del Sur
- Lake Dapao National Park - Lanao del Sur
- Liguasan Marsh - Cotabato, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat
- Mado Hot Spring National Park - Lanao del Sur
- Mainit Hot Spring National Park - Compostela Valley
- Mati Protected Landscape - Davao Oriental
- Mount Apo National Park - Davao del Sur, North Cotabato
- Mount Dajo National Park - Sulu
- Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary - Davao Oriental
- Mount Inayawan Range Natural Park - Lanao del Norte
- Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park - Bukidnon
- Mount Malindang Range Natural Park - Misamis Occidental
- Mount Timolan Protected Landscape - Zamboanga del Sur
- Pantuwaraya Lake National Park - Lanao del Sur
- Pujada Bay Protected Landscape and Seascape - Davao Oriental
- Rungkunan National Park - Lanao del Sur
- Sacred Mountain National Park - Lanao del Sur
- Salikata National Park - Lanao del Sur
- Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape - Sarangani, South Cotabato
- Siargao Islands Protected Seascape and Wildlife Sanctuary - Surigao del Norte
- The Maranao Settlement of Tugaya - Lanao del Sur
- Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park - Sulu
- Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary - Sulu, Tawi-Tawi
Wildlife of the Philippines
- Fauna of the Philippines
- List of Bohol flora and fauna
Flora of the Philippines
- Abaca - Musa textilis
- Acacia
- Almaciga - Agathis philippinensis
- Atis - Annona squamosa
- Banaba - Lagerstroemia speciosa
- Banana
- Bayabas - Psidium guajava
- Breadfruit - Artocarpus altilis
- Caimito - Chrysophyllum cainito
- Calachuchi - Plumeria obtusa
- Dama de Noche - Cestrum nocturnum
- Gumamela - Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
- Guyabano - Annona muricata
- Kamagong - Diospyros blancoi
- Langka - Artocarpus heterophylla
- Lanzones - Lansium parasticum
- Mahogany
- Makopa - Syzygium samarangense
- Mangga - Mangifera indica
- Molave - Vitex parviflora
- Narra - Philippine cedar; Pterocarpus indicus
- Niyog - Cocos nucifera
- Nipa - Nypa fruticans
- Orchid - Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica
- Pineapple - Ananas comosus
- Philippine Lily - Lilium philippinensis
- Pomelo - Citrus maxima
- Rafflesia
- Rattan - Calamus
- Sampaguita - Jasminum sambac
- Santan - Ixora coccinea
- Sugarcane
- Tobacco
- Tuba-tuba - Jatropha curcas
- Ube - Dioscorea alata
- Waling-waling - Euanthe sanderiana
- Yakal - Shorea astylosa
- Ylang-ylang - Cananga odorata
Regions of the Philippines
Ecoregions of the Philippines
Administrative divisions of the Philippines
"Regions" of the Philippines
Regions of the Philippines – administrative divisions called "regions".
- Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
- Bicol Region
- Cagayan Valley
- Calabarzon
- Caraga
- Central Luzon
- Central Visayas
- Cordillera Administrative Region
- Davao Region
- Eastern Visayas
- Ilocos Region
- Mimaropa
- National Capital Region
- Negros Island Region
- Northern Mindanao
- Soccsksargen
- Western Visayas
- Zamboanga Peninsula
Provinces of the Philippines
- Current provinces
- Abra
- Agusan del Norte
- Agusan del Sur
- Aklan
- Albay
- Antique province
- Apayao
- Aurora province
- Basilan
- Bataan
- Batanes
- Batangas
- Benguet
- Biliran
- Bohol
- Bukidnon
- Bulacan
- Cagayan
- Camarines Norte
- Camarines Sur
- Camiguin
- Capiz
- Catanduanes
- Cavite
- Cebu
- Compostela Valley
- Cotabato Province (North Cotabato)
- Davao del Norte (Davao Province)
- Davao del Sur
- Davao Occidental
- Davao Oriental
- Dinagat Islands
- Eastern Samar
- Guimaras
- Ifugao
- Ilocos Norte
- Ilocos Sur
- Iloilo
- Isabela
- Kalinga
- La Union province
- Laguna province
- Lanao del Norte
- Lanao del Sur
- Leyte province
- Maguindanao
- Marinduque
- Masbate
- Misamis Occidental
- Misamis Oriental
- Mountain Province
- Negros Occidental
- Negros Oriental
- Northern Samar
- Nueva Ecija
- Nueva Vizcaya
- Occidental Mindoro
- Oriental Mindoro
- Palawan
- Pampanga
- Pangasinan
- Quezon
- Quirino
- Rizal
- Romblon
- Samar Province (Western Samar)
- Sarangani
- Siquijor
- Sorsogon
- South Cotabato
- Southern Leyte
- Sultan Kudarat
- Sulu
- Surigao del Norte
- Surigao del Sur
- Tarlac
- Tawi-Tawi
- Zambales
- Zamboanga del Norte
- Zamboanga del Sur
- Zamboanga Sibugay
- Former provinces
- Agusan, now Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur
- Camarines, now Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur
- Davao, now Compostela Valley, Davao, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental
- Kalinga-Apayao, now Kalinga and Apayao
- Surigao, now Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur
- Zamboanga, now Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur (and Zamboanga Sibugay)
- Shariff Kabunsuan
Districts of the Philippines
Municipalities of the Philippines
Municipalities of the Philippines
Cities of the Philippines
Cities of the Philippines – (list)
- Alaminos
- Angeles
- Antipolo
- Bacolod
- Baguio
- Bais
- Balanga
- Batac
- Batangas
- Bayawan
- Baybay
- Bayugan
- Biñan
- Bislig
- Bogo
- Borongan
- Butuan
- Cabadbaran
- Cabanatuan
- Cadiz
- Cagayan de Oro
- Calamba
- Calapan
- Calbayog
- Caloocan
- Candon
- Canlaon
- Carcar
- Catbalogan
- Cauayan
- Cavite
- Cebu
- Cotabato
- Dagupan
- Danao
- Dapitan
- Dasmariñas
- Davao
- Digos
- Dipolog
- Dumaguete
- El Salvador
- Escalante
- Gapan
- General Santos
- Gingoog
- Himamaylan
- Iligan
- Iloilo
- Iriga
- Isabela
- Kabankalan
- Kidapawan
- Koronadal
- La Carlota
- Lamitan
- Laoag
- Lapu-Lapu
- Las Piñas
- Legazpi
- Ligao
- Lipa
- Lucena
- Maasin
- Mabalacat
- Makati
- Malabon
- Malaybalay
- Malolos
- Mati
- Mandaluyong
- Mandaue
- Manila
- Marawi
- Marikina
- Masbate
- Muntinlupa
- Naga, Camarines Sur
- Naga, Cebu
- Navotas
- Olongapo
- Ormoc
- Oroquieta
- Ozamiz
- Pagadian
- Palayan
- Panabo
- Parañaque
- Pasay
- Pasig
- Passi
- Puerto Princesa
- Quezon
- Roxas
- Sagay
- Samal
- San Carlos, Negros Occidental
- San Carlos, Pangasinan
- San Fernando, La Union
- San Fernando, Pampanga
- San Jose
- San Jose del Monte
- San Juan
- San Pablo
- Santa Rosa
- Santiago
- Muñoz
- Silay
- Sipalay
- Sorsogon
- Surigao
- Tabaco
- Tacloban
- Tacurong
- Tagaytay
- Tagbilaran
- Taguig
- Tagum
- Talisay, Cebu
- Talisay, Negros Occidental
- Tanauan
- Tandag
- Tangub
- Tanjay
- Tarlac
- Tayabas
- Toledo
- Trece Martires
- Tuguegarao
- Urdaneta
- Valencia
- Valenzuela
- Victorias
- Vigan
- Zamboanga
Barangays of the Philippines
Barangays of the Philippines
Landmarks in the Philippines
- Abong-Abong Freedom Park, Zamboanga City
- Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite
- Baguio Botanical Gardens, Baguio
- Banaue Rice Terraces, Banaue, Ifugao
- Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City
- Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
- Burnham Park, Baguio
- Camp John Hay, Baguio
- Clark Freeport Zone, Angeles City
- Corregidor Island, Bataan
- Cultural Center of the Philippines, Pasay
- Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
- Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City
- Fort San Pedro, Cebu City
- Fort Santiago, Manila
- Heritage City of Vigan
- Intramuros, Manila
- Leyte Landing Monument, Palo, Leyte
- Lion's Head Park, Baguio
- Lourdes Grotto, Baguio
- Mactan Shrine, Lapu-Lapu City
- Magellan's Cross, Cebu City
- Malacañan Palace, Manila
- Malacañan sa Sugbo, Cebu City
- Mines View Park, Baguio
- Misamis Occidental Aquamarine Park, Tudela, Misamis Occidental
- Monumento, Caloocan
- National Museum of the Philippines, Manila
- Palacio de Paz, Zamboanga City
- Pasonangca Park, Zamboanga City
- People's Park, Davao City
- People's Park in the Sky, Tagaytay
- Philippine Military Academy, Baguio
- Picnic Groove and Livelihood Complex, Tagaytay
- Plaza Pershing, Zamboanga City
- Port of Subic, Subic, Zambales
- Port of Zamboanga, Zamboanga City
- Quezon Memorial Circle, Quezon City
- Rizal Park, Manila
- Rizal Shrine, Fort Santiago, Manila
- Rizal Shrine, Dapitan
- Sagada Hanging Coffins, Sagada, Mountain Province
- San Juanico Bridge, Leyte, Samar
- Sangley Point Naval Base, Cavite City
- Spratly Islands, Palawan
- Subic Bay Freeport Zone, Subic, Zambales
- Tam-awan Village, Baguio
- Teachers' Camp, Baguio
- The Mansion, Baguio
- Villamor Airbase, Pasay
- Wright Park, Baguio
Other locations of interest
Amusement and Theme Parks
- Boom na Boom, Pasay City
- Camsur Watersports Park, Pili, Camarines Sur
- Clarkland - Angeles City, Pampanga
- Carron Dreampark, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija
- Circle of Fun, Quezon City
- D'Leonor Adventure Resort, Davao City
- DreamPlay, City of Dreams Manila , Pasay City
- Enchanted Kingdom, Santa Rosa City, Laguna
- Expo Pilipino, Angeles City, Pampanga
- Fantasyland, Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte
- Fantasy World, Lemery, Batangas
- Kamindanawan Amusement Park, Davao City
- KidzWorld, Quezon City
- KidZania Manila, Taguig City
- Manila Ocean Park, Manila
- Nayong Pilipino, Angeles City, Pampanga
- Nayong Pilipino, Manila
- Ocean Adventure, Subic, Zambales
- Outland Adventure, Davao City
- Paradise Ranch, Angeles City, Pampanga
- Paskuhan Village, San Fernando City, Pampanga
- Rainforest Adventure Park, Pasig City
- Rave Adventure, Pasig City
- Scream Park Manila, Pasay City
- Sky Ranch Pampanga, San Fernando City, Pampanga
- Sky Ranch, Tagaytay City, Cavite
- SM By the Bay Amusement Park, Pasay City
- Seri Fantasy World, Manila
- Star City, Pasay City
- St. James Amusement Park, Mandaue City, Cebu
- Storyland Fairview, Quezon City
- Zoobic Safari, Subic, Zambales
Future Local Theme Parks
- Enchanted Kingdom Pampanga, Mabalacat City
- Enchanted Kingdom Iloilo, Iloilo City
- Enchanted Kingdom Talisay, Talisay City, Negros Occidental
- Enchanted Kingdom Cagayan De Oro, Cagayan De Oro City
Future International Theme Parks
- Disneyland Philippines Resort, Angeles City, Pampanga
- Cebu Disney Resort, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu
- Hello Kitty Theme Park, Cebu City, Cebu
- Legoland Philippines, Santa Rosa City, Laguna
- Marvel Superheroes Theme Park, Parañaque City
- Universal Studios Manila Bay, Pasay City
- Walt Disney Adventure Philippines Resort, Laoag City & San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte
- Walt Disney World Philippines, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Demography of the Philippines
Government and politics of the Philippines
- Form of government: Unitary presidential constitutional republic
- Capital of the Philippines: Manila
- Elections in the Philippines
- Political parties in the Philippines
- List of rulers of the Philippines
- Taxation in the Philippines
Branches of the government of the Philippines
Executive branch of the government of the Philippines
- Head of state: President of the Philippines
- Head of government: President of the Philippines
- Cabinet of the Philippines
Legislative branch of the government of the Philippines
Judicial branch of the government of the Philippines
Bureaus and Departments of the government
- Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines)
- Central Bank of the Philippines
- Civil Service Commission (Philippines)
- Commission on Appointments
- Commission on Audit (Philippines)
- Commission on Elections (Philippines)
- Commission on Filipino Migrant Workers
- Commission on Filipinos Overseas
- Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)
- Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)
- Commission on Information and Communications Technology
- Constitutional Commission (Philippines)
- Consultative Commission on Charter Change (Philippines)
- Cooperative Development Authority (Philippines)
- Department of Agrarian Reform
- Department of Agriculture (Philippines)
- Department of Budget and Management
- Department of Education (Philippines)
- Department of Energy (Philippines)
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)
- Parks and Wildlife Bureau (Philippines)
- Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau (Philippines)
- Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Philippines)
- Department of Finance (Philippines)
- Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)
- Department of Health (Philippines)
- Barangay Health Volunteers
- Barangay Health Workers
- Department of Justice (Philippines)
- Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)
- Department of National Defense (Philippines)
- Department of Public Works and Highways (Philippines)
- Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)
- Department of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)
- Department of the Interior and Local Government
- Local Government Academy (Philippines)
- Department of Tourism (Philippines)
- Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)
- Department of Transportation and Communications
- Government Service Insurance System
- Land Bank of the Philippines
- Land Transportation Office (Philippines)
- Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA)
- National Commission for Culture and the Arts
- National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (Philippines)
- National Council on Disability Affairs (Philippines)
- National Economic and Development Authority
- National Food Authority (Philippines)
- National Historical Commission of the Philippines
- National Housing Authority
- National Library of the Philippines
- National Museum of the Philippines
- National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)
- National Youth Commission (Philippines)
- Philippine Coconut Authority
- Philippine Commission for the Urban Poor
- Philippine Commission on Justice and Peace
- Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
- Philippine Insurance Commission
- Philippine Ombudsman
- Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
- Philippine Ports Authority
- Philippine Sports Commission
- Philippine Statistics Authority
- Philippine Tourism Authority
- Population Commission (Philippines) (POPCOM)
- Professional Regulation Commission
- Securities and Exchange Commission (Philippines)
Elections in the Philippines
- List of political parties in the Philippines
- Philippine general election, 1992
- Philippine general election, 1995
- Philippine general election, 1998
- Philippine general election, 2001
- Philippine general election, 2004
- Philippine general election, 2007
- Philippine general election, 2010
- Philippine general election, 2016
Foreign relations of the Philippines
International organization membership
The Republic of the Philippines is a member of:
Law and order in the Philippines
Law of the Philippines (list)
- Capital punishment in the Philippines
- Constitution of the Philippines
- Crime in the Philippines
- Human rights in the Philippines
- Law enforcement in the Philippines
- Philippine nationality law
- Philippine trademark law
Military of the Philippines
- Command
- Forces
- Army of the Philippines
- Marine Corps of the Philippines
- Navy of the Philippines
- Air Force of the Philippines
- Special forces of the Philippines
- Coast Guard of the Philippines
- Military history of the Philippines
- Military ranks of the Philippines
Military and Police Civilian Defense
- Civilian Volunteer Organization
- Civilian Auxiliary Forces Geographical Unit (CAFGU)
- Military Ordinariate of the Philippines
- Philippine Constabulary (PC)
- Philippine National Police (PNP)
- Philippine Commonwealth Army (PCA)
- Philippine Commonwealth Navy (PCN)
- Philippine Republican Army (PRA)
- Philippine Republican Navy (PRN)
- Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM)
Local government in the Philippines
History of the Philippines
History of the Philippines, by period
Pre-colonial Philippines
- Angono Petroglyphs
- Datu
- Boxer Codex
- Laguna Copperplate Inscription
- Maitum Anthropomorphic Potteries
- Tabon Man
Spanish colonial period
History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
- Battle of Mactan
- Cabeza de Barangay
- Cry of Pugad Lawin
- Dagohoy Rebellion
- El Filibusterismo
- Flags of the Philippine Revolution
- Gobernadorcillo
- Katipunan
- La Liga Filipina
- La Solidaridad
- Maria Clara
- Negros Revolution
- Noli Me Tangere
- Pact of Biak-na-Bato
- Philippine Declaration of Independence
- Philippine Propaganda Movement
- Philippine Revolution
- Philippine Revolutionary Army (PRA)
- Philippine Revolutionary Navy (PRN)
- Principalía
- Spanish–American War
- Spoliarium
- Sultanate of Sulu
American colonial period of the Philippines
History of the Philippines (1898-1946)
- Balangiga Massacre
- Battle of Manila Bay
- Battle of Tirad Pass
- Battle of Pulang Lupa – Torrijos, Marinduque
- Insular Government
- Commonwealth of the Philippines
- Philippine–American War
- Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC)
- Philippine Army Air Force (PAAF)
- Philippine Commonwealth Army (PCA)
- Philippine Commonwealth Navy (PCN)
- Philippine Scouts (PS)
- Philippine Constabulary (PC)
- Republic of Zamboanga
World War II in the Philippines
Military history of the Philippines during World War II
- Battle of Corregidor
- Battle of Manila
- Bataan Death March
- Battle of Leyte Gulf
- Battle of Leyte
- Hukbalahap (Huk movement)
- Recognized Guerrilla Unit
- Yamashita's gold
Post World War II events
- 1946 Philippine Independence
- 1967 Mendiola Massacre
- 1971 Plaza Miranda Bombings
- 1972 Martial Law in the Philippines
- 1981 Manila Film Center Collapse
- 1983 Ninoy Aquino Assassination
- 1986 People Power Revolution
- 1989 Philippine Coup d' état
- 1990 Luzon earthquake
- 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo
- 1994 Philippine Airlines Flight 434
- 2000 Rizal Day bombings
- 2001 EDSA Dos
- 2001 EDSA Tres
- 2002 Zamboanga City bombings
- 2003 Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act
- 2003 Oakwood mutiny
- 2004 Hello Garci scandal
- 2004 Manila Valentines Day Bombings
- 2006 Philippines coup
- 2006 PhilSports Stadium stampede
- 2007 Glorietta explosion
- 2007 Batasang Pambansa bombing
- 2007 Joseph Estrada Verdict
- 2007 Manila Peninsula Mutiny
- 2007 Writ of Amparo and Habeas Data (Philippines)
- 2008 GSIS-Meralco bribery case
- 2008 Judicial Executive Legislative Advisory and Consultative Council
- 2008 Sema v. Comelec
- 2009 Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino
- 2009 Greenbelt robbery
- 2009 Maguindanao Massacre
- 2010 Manila Hostage Crisis
- 2011 Manila Bus Bombing
- Philippine Extrajudicial Killings and Desaparecidos
- 2012 Visayas earthquake
- 2013 Zamboanga War Conflict
- 2013 Visayas earthquake
- 2013 Visayas Typhoon Yolanda
- 2014 Manila Typhoon Glenda
- 2015 Mamasapano massacre
History of the Philippines, by subject
- Military history of the Philippines
- Political history of the Philippines
- Flag of the Philippines
- List of rulers of the Philippines
- Governor-General of the Philippines
- National hero of the Philippines
- Presidents of the Philippines (list)
Disasters in the Philippines
- 2006 Southern Leyte mudslide
- 2006 Guimaras oil spill
- List of earthquakes in the Philippines
- List of wettest tropical cyclones in the Philippines
Philippine-hosted events
- 1913 Far Eastern Games (now defunct)
- 1937 International Eucharistic Congress Manila
- 1954 Asian Games
- 1959 World Scout Jamboree Laguna, Philippines
- 1966 SEATO Manila Meeting (now Defunct)
- 1974 Miss Universe Pageant
- 1975 AMF World Cup
- 1978 FIBA World Basketball Championship
- 1981 Southeast Asian Games
- 1984 ASEAN Song Festival Manila
- 1987 ASEAN Summit Manila
- 1991 Southeast Asian Games Manila
- 1993 Asian Athletics Championships
- 1993 ASEAN Scout Jamboree Manila
- 1994 Miss Universe Pageant Manila
- 1995 World Youth Day Manila
- 1995 ABC Under-18 Championship Manila
- 1995 World Taekwondo Championships
- 1996 APEC Summit Subic & Manila
- 1997 World Scout Parliamentary Union Manila
- 1997 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship
- 1998 JCI World Congress Manila
- 1998 SEABA Championship Manila
- 1998 Asian Song Music Fest Philippines
- 1998 Junior Chamber International World Congress Manila
- 1998 Philippine Centennial 100 Years
- 1999 ASEAN Informal Summits Manila
- 1999 PECC Summit Manila
- 1999 SEABA Championship Manila
- 2000 Philippine Millennium Celebration
- 2001-2009 Miss Earth pageant
- 2001 SEABA Championship Manila
- 2002 SEABA Champions Cup Quezon Province, Philippines
- 2003 World Meeting of Families Manila
- 2005 FIBA Asia Champions Cup Manila
- 2005 Asian Youth Girls Volleyball Championship
- 2005 Southeast Asian Games
- 2005 ASEAN ParaGames
- 2006 WPA World Nine-ball Championship Manila
- 2007 ASEAN Summit Cebu (Originally 2006 ASEAN Summit in Cebu, but cancelled due to Typhoon)
- 2007 ASEAN East Asia Summit Manila
- 2007 WBO World Boxing Convention Manila
- 2007 WPA Men's World Nine-ball Championship
- 2008 Asian Youth Girls Volleyball Championship
- 2009 Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences Manila
- 2009 World Cup of Pool Championship Manila
- 2009 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship
- 2009 ASEAN Veteran Invitational Basketball Championships Manila
- 2009 NBA Asia Challenge Manila
- 2009 ASEAN Basketball League
- 2009 Asian Youth Day Cavite, Philippines
- 2009 Asia Pacific Regional Scout Jamboree Laguna, Philippines
- 2009 World 10-Ball Championship Manila
- 2009 World Double Masters Championship Manila
- 2010 Taizé Pilgrimage of Trust on Earth Manila
- 2010 International Youth Fellowship World Camp Manila
- 2010 Every Nation World Conference Manila
- 2010 NBA Asia Challenge Manila
- 2010 World Robotics Olympics Manila
- 2011-2013 Miss Earth pageant
- 2011 JCI Asia-Pacific Conference Manila
- 2011 FIBA Asia Champions Cup Manila
- 2011 World College Debating Championship Manila
- 2012 Global CSR Summit Manila
- 2012 ADB Summit Manila
- 2012 One Fighting Championship Manila
- 2013 FIBA Asia Championship
- 2014 Asian Men's Club Volleyball Championship Manila
- 2014 World Economic Forum on East Asia Manila
- 2015 APEC Summit
- 2016 International Eucharistic Congress Cebu
- 2016 AFF Suzuki Cup
- 2016 World Street Food Congress Manila
- 2017 World Apostolic Congress on Mercy Manila
- 2017 Miss Universe Pageant Manila
- 2019 Southeast Asian Games
Culture of the Philippines
- Ancestral houses of the Philippines
- Charities in the Philippines
- Cuisine of the Philippines
- Ethnic groups in the Philippines
- Festivals in the Philippines
- Media in the Philippines
- Museums in the Philippines
- Mythology of the Philippines
- National symbols of the Philippines
- Prostitution in the Philippines
- Public holidays in the Philippines
- Records of the Philippines
- List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
- Other
Architecture of the Philippines
Architecture of the Philippines
Church buildings in the Philippines
- Baroque Churches of the Philippines
- Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, Cebu City
- Boac Church
- Bohol Churches
- Cebu City Philippines Temple
- Cebu province parishes
- Church of the Gesu (Philippines)
- Iloilo Christian Reformed Church
- National Shrine of Our Mother of Perpetual Help, also known as the Redemptorist Church or Baclaran Church
- Paoay Church
- Parish of the Holy Sacrifice, UP Diliman, QC. (recognized by its architectural aspect by National artist Leandro Locsin)
- Peñafrancia Basilica Minore
- Quiapo Church
- Santa Maria Della Strada Parish, Katipunan Ave., MM.(where the marble table Pope John Paul II once used in WYD 1995 held in the Philippines)
- Sto. Niño Cathedral, Pagadian
The arts in the Philippines
- Arts of the Philippines
- Art Deco theaters of the Philippines
- Cinema of the Philippines
- Literature of the Philippines
- National Artist of the Philippines
- Television in the Philippines
- Theatre in the Philippines
Music of the Philippines
Musical instruments
- Agung/Agong
- Agung a Tamlang
- Babendil
- Dabakan
- Faglong/Fuglung
- Fegereng
- Gandingan
- Gandingan a Kayo
- Hegelong
- Inci
- Kadlong
- Kagul
- Kalutang
- Kendang
- Kubing
- Kudyapi
- Kulintang/Kolintang
- Kulintang a Kayo
- Kulintang a Tiniok
- Luntang
- Nose Flute
- Palendag
- Pasiyak
- Pulalu
- Suling
- Tumpong
Languages of the Philippines
- Philippine English
- Spanish language in the Philippines
- Philippine Sign Language
- Acronyms in the Philippines
People of the Philippines
Ethnic groups and tribes
Filipinos
- List of Filipinos
- List of Filipino Americans
- Overseas Filipino
Foreigners
- Antonio Morga
- Antonio Pigafetta
- Arthur MacArthur
- Dean Conant Worcester
- Diego Aduarte
- Dom Justo Takayama
- Douglas MacArthur
- Elwell Stephen Otis
- Ferdinand Blumentritt
- Ferdinand Magellan
- Frederick Funston
- George Dewey
- Georg Joseph Kamel
- George Percival Scriven (1899–1901)[4]
- Gordon Chen
- Governor-General of the Philippines
- Hasekura Tsunenaga
- Jacob Gould Schurman
- Jonathan Wainwright
- Juan de Salcedo
- Lafcadio Hearn
- Leo James English
- Leonard Wood
- Martin de Goiti
- Miguel López de Legazpi
- Onoda Hiroo
- Resident Commissioners from the Philippines
- Ruy López de Villalobos
- Thomas M. Anderson
- Tomoyuki Yamashita
- Wendell Fertig
- Wesley Merritt
- William Howard Taft
- William McKinley
Religion in the Philippines
- Buddhism in the Philippines
- Christianity in the Philippines
- Assemblies of God
- Baptist Church in the Philippines
- Bread of Life Ministries International (BOL)
- Brotherhood of Christian Businessmen and Professionals (BCBP)
- Catholic Church in the Philippines
- Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines
- Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement of the Philippines
- Catholic Women's League
- Christ's Commission Fellowship (CCF)
- Christian and Missionary Churches of the Philippines (CAMACOP)
- Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines
- Compassion International
- Confraternity of our Lady of Lourdes
- Couples for Christ
- Destiny Ministries International
- Hinduism in the Philippines
- Iglesia Filipina Independiente or also called Philippine Independent Church / Aglipay
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Jesus is Lord Movement
- Jehovah witnesses
- Knights of Columbus
- Members Church of God International commonly known as Ang Dating Daan or The Old Path
- Most Holy Church of God in Christ Jesus
- New Life Christian Center
- Philippine Independent Church or Aglipayan Church
- Seventh-day Adventist Church
- The Ecumenical Movement for Justice and Peace
- The Kingdom of Jesus Christ The Name Above Every Name
- The United Methodist Church in the Philippines
- Unification Church
- United Church of Christ in the Philippines
- Victory Christian Fellowship
- World Vision
- El Shaddai
- Islam in the Philippines
- Judaism in the Philippines
- Lingkod sa Diyos
- Opus Dei
Sports in the Philippines
- Baseball in the Philippines
- Basketball in the Philippines
- Boxing in the Philippines
- Football in the Philippines
- Filipino Martial Arts
- Philippines at the Olympics
- Rugby in the Philippines
- Other
- Eskrima or Escrima
- Mano Mano
- National Collegiate Athletic Association
- Palarong Pambansa
- Panantukan
- National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities
- Philippine Sports Association for the Differently Abled—National Paralympic Committee of the Philippines
- Philippine Sports Commission
- Triathlon Association of the Philippines
- University Athletic Association of the Philippines
Native weapons
- Palapatik (Boac); Paltik Santa Cruz; Tirador (Tagalog)
- Sumpit (Marinduque)
Economy and infrastructure of the Philippines
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 46th (forty-sixth)
- Agriculture in the Philippines
- Banking in the Philippines
- Companies of the Philippines
- Currency of Philippines: Peso *
- Fiscal policy of the Philippines
- Mining in the Philippines
- Shopping malls in the Philippines
- Philippine Stock Exchange
- Taxation in the Philippines
- Tourism in the Philippines
- Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines
- Metro Cebu Water District (MCWD)
- Manila Water District
Communications in the Philippines
Communications in the Philippines
Telecommunications in the Philippines
- Landlines/Fixedlines/LEC
- Telephone area codes in the Philippines
- Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT)
- Digital Telecommunications Philippines (Digitel), also the owner of Sun Cellular.
- Bayan Telecommunications (Bayantel)
- Innove Communications
- Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Company (PT&T)
- Pilipino Telephone Corporation (Piltel)* Internet in the Philippines
- Web accessibility initiatives in the Philippines
- Mobile/CMTS
- GLOBE
- Red Mobile
- SMART
- SUN Cellular
- Talk 'N Text - a subsidiary of SMART Communications
- Touch Mobile - a subsidiary of Globe Telecom
Companies in the Philippines
- Ayala Corporation
- BancNet
- JG Summit Holdings
- Jollibee Foods Corporation
- Lopez Group of Companies
- Makati Business Club
- Megaworld Corporation
- Metro Naga Chamber of Commerce and Industries
- Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
- San Miguel Corporation
- SM Investments
- SM Prime Holdings
Development affiliates
- Asian Development Bank
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- Asian Paralympic Committee
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Energy in the Philippines
- Electricity distribution
- Bohol Electric Cooperative (BOHECO)
- National Power Corporation
- Energy policy of the Philippines
- Oil industry in the Philippines
- Power plants in the Philippines
Transportation
- Airports in the Philippines
- Lighthouses in the Philippines
- Rail transport in the Philippines
- Vehicular transport in the Philippines
- Road system in the Philippines
- Vehicles in the Philippines
Other
- Globelines
- ISLACOM
Education in the Philippines
Health in the Philippines
Science and technology
- ACT Apache 1
- Astronomical League of the Philippines (ALP)
- Environmental Legal Assistance Center (ELAC)
- Floro International Corporation
- International Rice Research Institute
- Integrated Chemists of the Philippines
- Kalikasan: People's Network for the Environment
- National Research Council of the Philippines
- National Scientist of the Philippines
- Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)
- Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering (PAASE)
- Philippine Astronomical Society
- Philippine Engineers and Scientists Organization or PESO
- Philippine Web Accessibility Group
- Southeast Asia Regional Initiatives for Community Empowerment or SEARICE
Organizations and groups
Professional organizations
- Aerospace Cadets of the Philippines
- Business Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP)
- Camera Club of the Philippines
- Computer Professionals' Union (CPU)
- Directors Guild of the Philippines, Inc. (DGPI)
- Digital Photographers Philippines
- Financial Executives Institute of the Philippines (FINEX)
- Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)
- Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP)
- Management Association of the Philippines
- Personnel Management Association of the Philippines (PMAP)
- Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants
- Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
- Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers (PSME)
- Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMET)
- Philippine Association of Landscapes Architects (PALA)
- Philippine Marketing Association
- Philippine Medical Association
- Philippine Nursing Association
- Philippine Social Science Council
- Philippine Society for Training and Development
- Philippine Web Accessibility Group
- Screen Actors Guild of the Philippines
- Society of Filipino Foresters (SFF)
- United Architects of the Philippines
Research groups
- Action For Economic Reforms (AER)
- Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication
- Philippine Institute for Development Studies
- National Institutes of Health (Philippines)
- Asia Research Organization (ARO)
- Pulse Asia
- IBON Foundation
- Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI)
- Social Weather Stations (SWS)
- National Research Council of the Philippines
- Institute for Development and Econometric Analysis (IDEA), Inc.
Sociocivic organizations
- Alcoholics Anonymous Philippines
- Association of Barangay Captains or ABC
- Bohol Association of NGOs or BANGON
- Boy Scouts of the Philippines
- Confederation of Independent Unions in the Public Sector
- Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE)
- Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation
- Gerry Roxas Foundation
- Girl Scouts of the Philippines
- Haribon Foundation
- Kiwanis International
- Labor Education and Research Network - or LEARN
- League of Municipalities of the Philippines
- League of Cities of the Philippines
- League of Provinces of the Philippines
- Lingkod Tao Kalikasan or LTK
- National Movement of Young Legislators - or NMYL
- Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP)
- Philippine Councilors League or PCL
- JCI - Philippines (Philippine Jaycees)
- Philippine Jaycees Senate
- Philippine Junior Jaycees
- Philippine Tarsier Foundation Incorporated
- Philippine Federation of the Deaf
- PROCESS - an NGO
- International Deaf Education Association (IDEA)
- Regional Development Council (RDC)
- Rotary Club
- Sangguniang Kabataan (SK)
- Sangguniang Kabataan Federation (SKF) - National Level
- Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines (ULAP)
- United Nations Club of the Philippines
- Vice Governors League of the Philippines
- Vice Mayors League of the Philippines
- World Wildlife Fund Philippines
- Zonta Club
- Kabalikat Radio Communicators Ass'n, Inc.(KRCAI)
See also
- Index of Philippines-related articles
- List of international rankings
- List of Philippines-related topics
- Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- Member states of the Latin Union
- Member states of the United Nations
- Outline of Asia
- Outline of geography
- Outline of Metro Manila
References
- 1 2 General Information. (older version -- as it existed in 2007 -- during the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo), The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines.
- ↑ Central Intelligence Agency. (2009). "Field Listing :: Coastline". Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ↑ "PHIVOLCS Volcano Monitoring". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ↑ George Percival Scriven: An American in Bohol, The Philippines, 1899-1901
External links
Philippine Wikipedias (Incubator Status)
- Aklan language (incubator:Wp/akl)
- Miraya Bikol language (incubator:Wp/rbl)
- Pandan Bikol language (incubator:Wp/cts)
- Rinconada Bikol language (incubator:Wp/bto)
- Capiznon language (incubator:Wp/cps)
- Hiligaynon language (incubator:Wp/hil)
- Kinaray-a language (incubator:Wp/krj)
- Maranao language (incubator:Wp/mrw)
- Tausug language (incubator:Wp/tsg)
Philippine Wikimedia (Incubator Status)
Wikimedia Atlas of the Philippines
- Official
- Official website of the Philippine Government - Portal to governmental sites
- Maps
- Other
- WOW Philippines Tourism Ad
- Around Philippines Photos
- Washington Post: How the Philippines Sees America
- Philippines travel guide from Wikivoyage
- BBC Country Profile on the Philippines
- CIA World Factbook: Philippines
- U.S. Country Studies: Philippines
- Philippines Daily Photos
- Origins of the Filipinos and Their Languages by Wilhelm G. Solheim II (PDF)
- History of the Philippine Islands in many volumes, from Project Gutenberg (and indexed under Emma Helen Blair, the general editor)
- USAID country health statistical report: Philippines (May 2008)