Clorotepine

Clorotepine
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		 Oral
ATC code None
Legal status
Legal status
  • ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
Synonyms VUFB-6281; VUFB-10030
CAS Number 13448-22-1
4789-68-8 (maleate)
42505-79-3 (mesylate)
PubChem (CID) 1238
ChemSpider 1201
UNII E65W20MU7A
ChEMBL CHEMBL64249
Chemical and physical data
Formula C19H21ClN2S
Molar mass 344.901 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

Clorotepine (INN; brand names Clotepin, Clopiben), also known as octoclothepin or octoclothepine, is a very potent atypical antipsychotic and central depressant of the tricyclic series which was derived from perathiepin in 1965 and soon thereafter marketed in the Czech Republic by Spofa for the treatment of schizophrenic psychosis.[1][2][3][4] It is known to have high affinity for the D1,[5] D2,[6] D3,[6] D4,[6] 5-HT2A,[5] 5-HT2B,[7] 5-HT2C,[7] 5-HT6,[8] 5-HT7,[8] α1A-adrenergic,[9] α1B-adrenergic,[9] α1D-adrenergic,[9] and H1 receptors,[10] where it has been it has been confirmed to act as an antagonist (or inverse agonist) at most sites (and likely is as such at all of them based on structure-activity relationships), and it also blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine via inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter.[11] Due to its very potent activity at the D2 receptor, along with tefludazine, clorotepine was used as the basis for developing a 3-dimensional (3D) pharmacophore for D2 receptor antagonists.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Index nominum 2000: international drug directory. Taylor & Francis US. 2000. p. 265. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  2. ↑ C. R Ganellin; D. J Triggle; F.. Macdonald (1997). Dictionary of pharmacological agents. CRC Press. p. 500. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  3. ↑ Metysová J, Metys J, Dlabac A, Kazdová E, Valchár M (1980). "Pharmacological properties of a potent neuroleptic drug octoclothepin". Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica. 39 (6): 723–40. PMID 6893891.
  4. ↑ Cornelius K. Cain (1 January 1971). Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry. Academic Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-12-040506-0. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  5. 1 2 Campiani G, Butini S, Gemma S, et al. (January 2002). "Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-based atypical antipsychotic agents. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, molecular modeling, and biological studies". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 45 (2): 344–59. doi:10.1021/jm010982y. PMID 11784139.
  6. 1 2 3 Burstein ES, Ma J, Wong S, et al. (December 2005). "Intrinsic efficacy of antipsychotics at human D2, D3, and D4 dopamine receptors: identification of the clozapine metabolite N-desmethylclozapine as a D2/D3 partial agonist". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 315 (3): 1278–87. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.092155. PMID 16135699.
  7. 1 2 Bøgesø KP, Liljefors T, Arnt J, Hyttel J, Pedersen H (July 1991). "Octoclothepin enantiomers. A reinvestigation of their biochemical and pharmacological activity in relation to a new receptor-interaction model for dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 34 (7): 2023–30. doi:10.1021/jm00111a015. PMID 1676758.
  8. 1 2 Roth BL, Craigo SC, Choudhary MS, et al. (March 1994). "Binding of typical and atypical antipsychotic agents to 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 and 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 receptors". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 268 (3): 1403–10. PMID 7908055.
  9. 1 2 3 Kristensen JL, Püschl A, Jensen M, et al. (October 2010). "Exploring the neuroleptic substituent in octoclothepin: potential ligands for positron emission tomography with subnanomolar affinity for α(1)-adrenoceptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 53 (19): 7021–34. doi:10.1021/jm100652h. PMID 20857909.
  10. ↑ Lim HD, van Rijn RM, Ling P, Bakker RA, Thurmond RL, Leurs R (September 2005). "Evaluation of histamine H1-, H2-, and H3-receptor ligands at the human histamine H4 receptor: identification of 4-methylhistamine as the first potent and selective H4 receptor agonist". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 314 (3): 1310–21. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.087965. PMID 15947036.
  11. ↑ Liljefors T, Bøgesø KP (February 1988). "Conformational analysis and structural comparisons of (1R,3S)-(+)- and (1S,3R)-(−)-tefludazine, (S)-(+)- and (R)-(−)-octoclothepin, and (+)-dexclamol in relation to dopamine receptor antagonism and amine-uptake inhibition". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 31 (2): 306–12. doi:10.1021/jm00397a006. PMID 2892932.
  12. ↑ Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen; Tommy Liljefors; Ulf Madsen (25 July 2002). Textbook of drug design and discovery. CRC Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-415-28288-8. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
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