Republican Party of Texas

Republican Party of Texas
Chairperson Tom Mechler
Senate leader Dan Patrick
House leader Joe Straus
Founded 1854 (1854)
Headquarters PO Box 2206
Austin, Texas 78768
Ideology Conservatism
Fiscal conservatism
Christian right[1]
Social conservatism
Political position Centre-right to Right-wing
National affiliation Republican Party
Seats in State Upper Houses
20 / 31
Seats in State Lower Houses
99 / 150
Website
www.texasgop.org/

The Republican Party of Texas (RPT) is one of the two major political parties in the U.S. State of Texas. It is affiliated with the United States Republican Party. The State Chairman is Tom Mechler, an oil-and-gas executive from West Texas, and the Vice-Chairman is Amy Clark of Floresville. The RPT is headquartered in Downtown Austin. The RPT's mission is to promote a conservative philosophy of government by promoting conservative principles. The RPT is legally classified as a political action committee whose structure is determined by state law and by party rules not in conflict with state law.

History

The Republican Party developed dramatically in Texas during Reconstruction after constitutional amendments freeing the slaves and giving suffrage to black males, as blacks joined the party that had ensured the end of slavery. African-American leaders, frequently men of mixed race who had been free and educated before the war, provided leadership in extending education and work opportunities to blacks after the war. They supported establishment of a public school system for the first time. Men such as William Madison McDonald in Fort Worth, Norris Wright Cuney in Galveston, and Henry Clay Ferguson worked for the black community and the state.

In 1870, Edmund Davis was elected Governor, but was soundly defeated in 1874. In the year 1876, Republicans had made gradual gains in Texas, earning nearly one-third of the statewide vote and electing a small number of candidates to the State Legislature (including several African Americans).

After the Reconstruction era, the Republican Party of Texas gradually lost power, and after the turn of the century, the "Lily Whites" pushed blacks out of power. The Democrats passed disfranchising laws near the turn of the century requiring poll taxes be paid prior to voter registration; together with the party establishing white primaries, black voting dropped dramatically, from more than 100,000 statewide in the 1890s, to 5,000 in 1906.[2] Mexican Americans and poor whites were also adversely affected by such measures. For more than 100 years, the Republicans were a minority party in the state.

Between the departing of Robert B. Hawley from his second U.S. House term in 1901 and the seating of Bruce Alger in 1954, the sole Republican to represent Texas in Congress was Harry M. Wurzbach, who served in the U.S. House for most of the 1920s and left office in 1931.[3] The first Republican statewide primary was held in 1926, but drew only 15,239 voters. By contrast, the Democratic primary in the same year drew 821,234 voters, as disfranchisement was well established, and Texas was essentially a one-party, white-only voting state. Only two more Republican primaries were run in the next thirty-four years.[4]

In 1961, James A. Leonard became the first executive director of the organization. He is credited as the "architect" of John Tower's successful campaign to fill Lyndon Johnson's vacant U.S. Senate seat, a victory that was a breakthrough in the party's attempts to gain a foothold in Texas politics.[5]

In 1966, two Republicans were elected to the U.S/ House of Representatives, including future President George H.W. Bush, for the first time since Reconstruction. That same year, three Republicans were elected to the Texas House of Representatives, and the first Republican was elected to the Texas Senate in 39 years. By 1972, Texas Republicans had increased their gains to 17 members of the Texas House and 3 members of the Texas Senate.[4]

The true turning point for Texas Republicans occurred in the May 1976 primary, when Ronald Reagan defeated Gerald Ford by a two-to-one margin in the state's presidential primary. According to former Secretary of State James A. Baker III, due to Reagan's victory in the Texas primary, "the whole shape and nature of the state changed."[6]

104 years after the most recent previous Republican governor, Bill Clements eked out a narrow victory in November 1978. In 1984, Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and Phil Gramm led a GOP ticket that relied upon the RPT to provide a centralized network of communications. Throughout the rest of the decade, the total Republican vote continued to increase, and the party made large gains in both the state legislature and in local races.[4]

Since 1994, every statewide elected office has been held by a Republican. Both houses of the Texas Legislature feature Republican majorities. After the 2010 elections, Republicans held a super-majority of 101 Republican representatives in the 150-member body.[7] After the 2014 elections, majority is now 98 of 150 in the House. In the Texas Senate, after the after the 2014 elections, Republicans hold 20 of 31 seats. Both houses are officially organized on a bi-partisan basis, with both Republicans and Democrats holding committee chairs. At the federal level, the Texas Congressional delegation is composed of 24 Republicans and 12 Democrats; both of its US Senators are Republican. The last time Texas was carried by a Democratic presidential candidate was in 1976, when the state voted for Jimmy Carter.

Current elected officials

Texas Republicans control all but one elected statewide offices, hold a 20-11 majority in the Texas Senate, and a 95–55 majority in the Texas House of Representatives. Republicans also hold both of the state's U.S. Senate seats and 24 of the state's 36 U.S. House seats.

Members of Congress

U.S. Senate

U.S. House of Representatives (listed by district number)

Statewide officials

Legislative

State Republican Executive Committee Members

Biannually, in even-numbered years, delegates at the Texas GOP State Convention elect a man and a woman from each of the thirty-one State Senatorial districts to serve a two-year term on the State Republican Executive Committee (SREC). The State Republican Executive Committee along with the elected State Chair and State Vice Chair manage the affairs of the Republican Party of Texas between state conventions.[8]

List of state party chairmen

State Party Chairmen since 1962

Auxiliary organizations

The official college Republican Party of Texas' student wing is Texas College Republicans, which has over 35 chapters statewide.[9]

High School Republicans of Texas is the Republican Party of Texas' Official High School Republican Auxiliary with chapters in high schools and communities across Texas. For more information, visit their website at www.hsrtx.org.[10]

The Texas Federation of Republican Women (TFRW) is a volunteer women's organization that has "long-standing goals of education, training, participation in government, electing Republicans and encouraging Republican women to run for office". TFRW has 164 local clubs across Texas with over 10,000 members.[11]

The Texas Republican County Chairmen's Association (TRCCA) is composed of the elected chairman of the county Republican party organizations in Texas and operates to support and provide networking opportunities for elected Republican county chairmen in Texas.[12]

The Texas Young Republican Federation (TYRF) is an organization composed of Young Republican clubs across Texas which are open to registered voters who are between the ages of 18 and 40 years old. The TYRF goals are grassroots activism, leadership development, community service and club development.[13]

The Texas Federation for Republican Outreach is committed to increasing participation and affiliation of African-American voters within the Republican Party, and to increase the number of elected Republican African-American candidates in Texas.[14]

The Texas Republican Assembly is a grassroots volunteer organization dedicated to promoting and electing conservative Republican candidates in Texas. There are six charter clubs across Texas.[15]

The Republican National Hispanic Assembly has a chapter in Texas, whose mission is to increase participation and affiliation of Hispanic American voters within the Republican Party, and to increase the number of elected Republican Hispanic candidates in Texas.[16]

The Texas Federation of Hispanic Republicans believes "in active civic engagement as a means to bridge the gap between the Hispanic Community and the GOP." There are five chapters throughout Texas.[17]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.texasgop.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2014-Platform-Final.pdf
  2. ↑ African-American Pioneers of Texas: From the Old West to the New Frontiers (Teacher's Manual) (PDF). Museum of Texas Tech University: Education Division. p. 25.
  3. ↑ Wurzbach's election and re-election as a Republican were something of an anomaly. He is the eponym honored in the Wurzbach Parkway in San Antonio.
  4. 1 2 3 "History of the Republican Party of Texas". texasgop.org. Archived from the original on April 22, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  5. ↑ Republican strategist Leonard helped mold GOP in Texas (Austin American Statesman)
  6. ↑ "Ronald Reagan: How he changed Texas Politics Forever". chron.com. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  7. ↑ "And Longtime Democrat Aaron Pena Makes It 101". kwtx.com. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  8. ↑ http://www.texasgop.org/state-republican-executive-committee
  9. ↑ "Texas College Republicans - The Official Home of the Texas College Republicans". txcollegerepublicans.com. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  10. ↑ http://texasgop.org/auxiliary-organizations
  11. ↑ "TFRW Home Page". tfrw.org. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Texas Republican County Chairmans Association". trcca.org. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  13. ↑ "Texas Young Republican Federation". texasyoungrepublicans.com. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  14. ↑ "About Us - Texas Federation for Republican Outreach". txfro.org. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Texas Republican Assembly - The Republican Wing of the Republican Party". texasra.org. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  16. ↑ "About Us - The Republican National Hispanic Assembly". rnha.org. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  17. ↑ "Welcome to the Latino National Republican Coalition of Texas". lnrctexas.org. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
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