Collioure

Collioure
Cotlliure

The Church of Our Lady of the Angels across the bay, in Collioure

Coat of arms
Collioure

Coordinates: 42°31′36″N 3°04′53″E / 42.5267°N 3.0814°E / 42.5267; 3.0814Coordinates: 42°31′36″N 3°04′53″E / 42.5267°N 3.0814°E / 42.5267; 3.0814
Country France
Region Occitanie
Department Pyrénées-Orientales
Arrondissement Céret
Canton Côte Vermeille
Intercommunality Côte Vermeille
Government
 • Mayor (2014-2020) Jacques Manya
Area1 13.02 km2 (5.03 sq mi)
Population (2013)2 3,057
 • Density 230/km2 (610/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 66053 / 66190
Elevation 0–655 m (0–2,149 ft)
(avg. 10 m or 33 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Collioure (French pronunciation: ​[kɔˈljuʁ]; Catalan: Cotlliure, IPA: [kuʎˈʎiwɾə]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

Geography

The town of Collioure is on the Côte Vermeille, in the canton of Côte Vermeille and in the arrondissement of Céret.

Map of Collioure and its surrounding towns

Toponymy

Collioure is named Cotlliure in Catalan.[1]

History

There is a record of the castle at "Castrum Caucoliberi" having been mentioned as early as 673, indicating that the settlement here was of strategic and commercial importance during the Visigoth ascendancy.

Collioure used to be divided into two villages separated by the river Douy, the old town to the south named Port d'Avall (in French known as Le Faubourg) and the upstream port, Port d'Amunt (in French known as La Ville).

Collioure was taken in 1642 by the French troops of Maréchal de la Meilleraye. A decade later, the town was officially surrendered to France by the 1659 Treaty of Pyrenees. Because of its highly strategic importance, the town's fortifications, the Château Royal de Collioure and the Fort Saint-Elme stronghold, were improved by the military engineer Vauban during the reign of Louis XIV. Nevertheless, Collioure was besieged and occupied by the Spanish troops in 1793, marking the last Spanish attempt to take the city. The blockade was broken a year later by general Jacques François Dugommier.

In 1823, the territory of Port-Vendres became a commune, taking parts from the communes of Collioure and Banyuls-sur-Mer.[2]

On 21 January 1870, an exceptional climatic phenomenon occurred in Collioure, as observed by Charles Naudin at the time; more than one metre (39 inches) of snow fell in one day on the town. Many orchards as well as cork oak woodlands were damaged.[3]

Government and politics

Mayors

Mayor Term start Term end
Michel Noë 1864 1870
Jean Cortade 1870 1874
Jean Caloni 1874 1878
Jean Coste[4] 1878 1903
Joseph Rossines 1903 1919
Marceau Banyuls 1948 1953
Vincent Atxer 1953 1956
Henri Billard 1956 1956
René Ramona 1956 1966
Joseph Py 1966 1977
Jean Pascot 1977 1989
Michel Moly 1989 2014
Jacques Manya 2014

Twin towns

Population

Demography

Population of Collioure (1962-2008)

Economy

Collioure is the name of an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) situated around the town, (Collioure AOC), producing red, rosé and a few white wines. The ancient terraced vines in the hills behind the town also provide grapes for the apéritif and dessert wines of the (Banyuls) appellation, which shares its boundaries with the Collioure appellation.

Collioure is also famous for its anchovies, which are referenced in Mark Kurlansky's book Salt as the best in the world.

Culture

As the town has a strong Catalan culture, its own motto has been adopted by one of the local Catalan rugby teams (USA Perpignan, France): Sempre endavant, mai morirem (Always forward, We'll never die). Under Michel Moly's leadership, the town has an alternative motto, Collioure sera toujours Collioure (Collioure shall always be Collioure) quoting French singer Maurice Chevalier's famous song titled Paris sera toujours Paris.

The annual Saint Vincent festival is held around August 15, attracting twice the town's population in visitors for several days of celebration with music and fireworks.[5]

In the early 20th century Collioure became a center of artistic activity, with several Fauve artists making it their meeting place. André Derain, Georges Braque, Othon Friesz, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, James Dickson Innes and Tsuguharu Fujita have all been inspired by Collioure's royal castle, medieval streets, its lighthouse converted into the church of Notre-Dame-des-Anges and its typical Mediterranean bay. Collioure's cemetery contains the tomb of Spanish poet Antonio Machado, who fled here to escape advancing Francoist troops at the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939.

The British historical novelist Patrick O'Brian lived in the town from 1949 until his death in 2000, and his novel The Catalans graphically describes Collioure life before major changes took place. He also wrote a biography of Picasso, who was an acquaintance. O'Brian and his wife Mary are also buried in the town cemetery.

Part of the action in Stephen Clarke's fourth comic novel featuring Paul West, Dial M for Merde, takes place in Collioure.

Ninety-eight reproductions of Matisse’s and Derain’s works are exposed exactly where these two masters of Fauvism painted the originals, in the early 20th century.

Notable people

Machado's grave.

See also

References

  1. ↑ (Catalan)(French) Nomenclàtor toponímic de la Catalunya del Nord, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Université de Perpignan, 2007
  2. ↑ Jean-Pierre Pélissier, Paroisses et communes de France : dictionnaire d'histoire administrative et démographique, vol. 66 : Pyrénées-Orientales, Paris, CNRS, 1986
  3. ↑ Cárdenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan [66 Little Stories of Catalan Country] (in French). Perpignan: Ultima Necat. ISBN 978-2-36771-006-8. OCLC 893847466.
  4. ↑ Cardenas, Fabricio (31 October 2014). "Démission du maire de Collioure en 1885". Vieux papiers des Pyrénées-Orientales (in French). Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  5. ↑ "Festival programme 2012" (in French). Retrieved 9 June 2012.
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