Udaipur State

This article is about the state during the British Raj. For the natural and historical region, see Mewar. For the state with its capital in Dharamjaigarh, see Udaipur State, Chhattisgarh.
State of Udaipur
Mewar Kingdom
उदयपुर रियासत
Princely State of British India
530–1949 →
Flag Coat of arms
Udaipur State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India
History
 • Established 530
 • Independence of India 1949
Area
 • 1941 33,517 km2 (12,941 sq mi)
Population
 • 1941 6,500,000 
Density 193.9 /km2  (502.3 /sq mi)
Today part of India
"Udaipur State (also called Mewar): History". The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 1909. pp. v. 24, p. 87. 

The Udaipur State, also known as Mewar Kingdom, was a princely state in northern India at the time of the British Raj.

Maharanas of Mewar
Rana Kumbha was the vanguard of the fifteenth century Hindu resurgence in northwestern India. A very tall and powerful man, he held the Mewar flag flying high in an age when several Indian kings like Kapilendradeva of east India, Deva Raya II of south India and Man Singh Tomar of central India defeated the Turkic invaders in different parts of India; and expanded his kingdom at the expense of the sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat.[1]
Rana Sanga of Mewar became the principal player in Northern India. His objectives grew in scope – he planned to conquer the much sought after prize of the Muslim rulers of the time, Delhi. However, his defeat in the Battle of Khanwa consolidated the new Mughal dynasty in India.
Maharana Pratap of Mewar, a 16th-century Rajput ruler firmly resisted the Mughals. Akbar sent many missions against him. He survived to ultimately gain control of all of Mewar, excluding Chittorgarh Fort.[2]

The state of Mewar was founded around 530; the first capital was at Chittorgarh. Later the kingdom would also, and ultimately predominantly, be called Udaipur after the name of its new capital. When Udaipur State joined the Indian Union in 1949 it had been ruled by the Chattari Rajputs of Mori Guhilot Parihar and Sisodia dynasties for over 1,400 years.

History

The most important vassal territories of Udaipur were Chani, Jawas, Jura, Madri, Oghna, Panarwa, Para, Patia, Sarwan and Thana. Udaipur State assisted the British East India Company in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, but the request to become a protectorate made in 1805 was refused by the British. Only on 31 January 1818 did the Udaipur Kingdom became a British protectorate. The institution of the Mewar Residency, gave the Udaipur State a measure of political control over the states of Banswara, Dungarpur and Partabgarh. The British authorities granted the ruler of Udaipur a 19 gun salute.[3] Udaipur State became a focus for the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. The last ruler of Udaipur Kingdom signed the accession to Independent India on 7 April 1949.[4]

Gahlot Dynasty of Mewar

Kanak-Sen left Koshala in the 2nd century and settled in Saurashtra. His descendents established themselves and became rulers at Vallabhi. Ages later, Prince Guhaditya also known as Guhil obtained the small kingdom of Idar. His name became the patronymic Grahilot, later corrupted to Gahlot.

The Gahlot Dynasty sometimes supported the Pratiharas (the dominant clan in Rajasthan) along with the Chauhans against the Arab invasions of India in the 7th century. Later the wilderness of Idar had to be abandoned and the clan settled at Ahar, and the new name Aharya came into use. Around the 12th century the sons of Karan Singh I included Mahup, who established himself at Dungarpur while his younger brother Rahup established himself near Sisodia village. Later the term Sisodia supplanted both Gahlot and Aharya.[5]

Gahlot rulers at Idur

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Grahaditya 566 586
2 Bhoja Gahlo 586 606
3 Mahendra I 606 626

Gahlot rulers at Nagda

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Nagaditya 626 646
2 Siladitya 646 661
3 Aparajita 661 688
4 Mahendra II 688 734

Gahlot rulers at Chittor

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Bappa Rawal 734 753
2 Khuman I 753 773
3 Matatt 773 793
4 Bhartribhatt I - Organized a congregation with descendants of Kanak Sen, in which several States participated. In 823 CE Keshav Dev Sikarwar, the army commander of Rawal Matribhatji of Chittor, along with troops from the Gohils of Pirangarh, Jhalasof Halwad, Chawadas, Chandrawats, Shaktawats, Sikarwars form Sikar, Mangals from Lodwara, Bargujars from Rajurgarh, Bhatejas, Guhilots and the Sisodias from Mewar went on an expansion spree. 793 813
5 Singha Gahlot 813 828
6 Khuman II 828 853
7 Mahayuk 853 878
8 Khuman III 878 942
9 Bhartribhatt II 942 943
10 Allat Singh - was forced by Siyaka II of Paramara dynasty to abandon Chittor and move to Ahar. 951 953

Gahlot rulers at Ahar

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Narwahana 971 973
2 Shalivahana 973 977
3 Shakti Kumar 977 993
4 Amba Prasad 993 1007
5 Shuchi Varma 1007 1021
6 Narvarma 1021 1035
7 Kirtivarma 1035 1051
8 Yograj 1051 1068
9 Vairath 1068 1088
10 Hanspal I 1088 1103
11 Bair Singh 1103 1107
12 Vijai Singh 1107 1127
13 Ari Singh I 1127 1138
14 Chaudh Singh 1138 1148
15 Vikram Singh 1148 1158
16 Karan Singh I - Father of Rahup & Mahup 1158 1168
17 Kshem Singh 1168 1172

Gahlot rulers at Dungarpur

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Samant Singh 1172 1179
2 Kumar Singh 1179 1191
3 Manthan Singh - Fought alongside Prithviraj Chauhan against Muhammad of Ghor & was one of the few Rajput rulers to survive. 1191 1211
4 Padma Singh - His successor moves the seat of government to Nagda 1211 1213

Gahlot rulers at Nagda

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Jaitra Singh - Recovered Chittor after the fall of Malwa to Sultan Iltutmish 1213 1253

Gahlot rulers at Chittor

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Jaitra Singh 1213 1253
Mewar without a ruler for eight years 1253 1262
2 Tej Singh 1262 1273
3 Samar Singh 1273 1302
4 Ratan Singh I - Siege of Chittor by Alauddin Khilji & conquest of Mewar by Delhi Sultanate 1302 1303

Sisodia Dynasty

Sisodia Dynasty of Mewar

Rana Laksha of the Sisodia Rajput clan with all his 10 sons had rallied in defense of Chittor but in vain. The Sardars decided that it was time to safeguard the royal lineage. There is mention of only two sons of Rana Laksha by name, Ari Singh and Ajay Singh. Ari Singh I had a son named Hammir Singh I who was taken by his uncle Ajay to Kelwara for safety. After the defeat of Mewar at Chittor by Alauddin Khilji, in which Rana Laksha and his son Ari Singh perished, the people began to rally behind Ajay who pursued a guerrilla campaign until he too died in the 1320s. The Sardars now picked Hamir Singh I as head of the Sisodia clan and rightful heir to the throne of Mewar. He married the daughter of Maldeo of Jalore, who now governed Chittor for the Delhi Sultanate. He overthrew his father-in-law and reclaimed his ancestral homeland.[5]

Sisodia Dynasty at Chittor

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Maharana Hamir Singh I - "First to take the title of Maharana of Mewar" 1326 1364
2 Maharana Kheta - "Takes Ajmer and Mandalgarh" 1364 1382
3 Maharana Lakha - "Takes remaining Mewar territories from Delhi. Killed in Battle." 1382 1421
4 Maharana Mokal – "Marwar invades Mewar and Mokal is assassinated at age 24." His elder brother, Chunda, is called back to safeguard Mewar. 1421 1433
5 Maharana Kumbha 1433 1468
6 Maharana Udai Singh I 1468 1473
7 Maharana Rai Mal 1473 1509
8 Maharana Sangram Singh I Rana Sanga - "Defeated at the Battle of Khanwa by Mughal Emperor Babur in 1527" but later he regained his constituency by defeating babur. 1509 1528
9 Maharana Ratan Singh II 1528 1531
10 Maharana Vikramaditya Singh 1531 1537
11 Maharana Vanvir Singh 1537 1540
12 Maharana Udai Singh II – "He lost Chittor to Mughal Emperor Akbar in February 25, 1568. He moved his capital to Udaipur." 1540 1568

Sisodia Rajput Dynasty at Udaipur

Name[5] Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Maharana Udai Singh II 1568 1572
2 Maharana Pratap Singh I 1572 1597
3 Maharana Amar Singh I 1597 1620
4 Maharana Karan Singh II 1620 1628
5 Maharana Jagat Singh I 1628 1652
6 Maharana Raj Singh I 1652 1680
7 Maharana Jai Singh 1680 1698
8 Maharana Amar Singh II 1698 1710
9 Maharana Sangram Singh II 1710 1734
10 Maharana Jagat Singh II 1734 1751
11 Maharana Pratap Singh II 1751 1754
12 Maharana Raj Singh II 1754 1761
13 Maharana Ari Singh II 1761 1773
14 Maharana Hamir Singh II 1773 1778
15 Maharana Bhim Singh 1778 1828
16 Maharana Jawan Singh 1828 1838
17 Maharana Sardar Singh 1838 1842
18 Maharana Swarup Singh 1842 1861
19 Maharana Shambhu Singh 1861 1874
20 Maharana Sajjan Singh 1874 1884
21 Maharana Fateh Singh 1884 1930
22 Maharana Bhupal Singh 1930 1956
23 Maharana Bhagwat Singh - "Last ruler of Udaipur State" 1956 1984
24 Maharana Arvind Singh - "First ruler since India's independence" 1984 Present

Maharana Bhagwat Singh died on 2 November 1984. He has two sons: elder Mahendra Singh and younger Arvind Singh. Before his death, he founded a trust named Maharana Mewar Foundation and tasked younger son Arvind Singh to look after the trust. Arvind lives in Udaipur's City Palace.

Nearest Relatives of the Maharana

The following composition by a bard is popular to remember the first-class nobles of Mewad.

Trun/tihu (three) Jhala (Sadri, Delwara, Gogunda), Trun/tihu (three) Poorbiya - the eastern, Chauhan (Bedla, Kotharia, Parsoli), Chundawat bhudh (warriors) chaar (four, Salumbar, Deogarh, Begu, Amet), do/duhi (two) Shakta (Bhinder, Bansi), do/duhi (two) Rathore (Badnore, Ghanerao), Sarangdev (Kanore), Panwar (Bijolia), do/duhi (two) Raja (Shahpura, Banera), trun/tihu (three) Rajvi (Bagore, Karjali, Shivrati), Chundawat phir chaar (again four, Meja, Bhainsrodgadh, Kurabad, Asind), Jamadaar Sultan ek/hik (a, saturvon,the seventeenth, Umrao,the Sindhi Muslim - Mahuwada), ek (a)Dodiyo Sardar (Sardargarh)!

Distant relatives of the Maharana

Chief Ministers, British Residents and Political Agents

Dewans

Rai Pannalal Mehta (Dewan, from 1878 - September 1894)

British Political Agents

1875 - 1876 C. Herbert

British Residents in Mewar and Southern Rajputana States

Political agents in Mewar and Southern Rajputana States

Courtiers of the State

1st Class Jagirdars

The 1st Class Jagirdars, the 1st 16 Umraos (no order of precedence), seated on the either side of the Maharana. Ideally, those to right were seated at right angles to the Gaadi and were called Badi Ole and those to the left, not to feel any inferior, were seated parallel to the Gaadi and were called Munda-barobur (parallel to the face of the Maharana). The visiting dignitaries/guests and some of the relatives of Maharana and main Purohits were seated in front of Maharana’s Gaadi, Saamey-ki-baithak.

No Thikana / Place Caste
1. Salumbar chundawat - Sisodia
2. Bari sadri jhala
3. Kotharia Chauhan - Purabia
4. bedla chauhan - purabia
5. Ghanerao Mertia Rathore
6. Bijolia Panwaar
7a. Deogarh Choondawat - Sisodia
7b. Begun Choondawat - Sisodia
8. Delwara Jhala
9a. Amet Choondawat - Sisodia
9b. Meja Choondawat - Sisodia
10. Gogunda Jhala
11. Kanore Sarangdevot - Sisodia
12. Bhindar Shaktawat - Sisodia
13. Badnore Mertia Rathore
14a. Bansi Shaktawat - Sisodia
14b. Bhainsrodgadh Choondawat(Krishnawat)- Sisodia
15a. Parsoli Chauhan
15b. Kurabad Choondawat - Sisodia
16. Sardargarh Dodiya

2nd Class Sardars - Bateesa

There were 32 Jagirdars after 1939. Prior to AD 1935 just four. They were later called Bada Bateesaa. 1. Boheda (Shaktawat)
2. Hamirgadh (Hameergadh) (Veeramdevot-Baba Ranawat)- Elder house of the descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
3. Pipalya (Shaktawat)
4. Tana (Jhala)
5. Amargadh (Kanawat)
6. Badi Rupaheli (Badi Roopaheli) (Mertia Rathore)
7. Bambori (Paramaras)
8. Banol (Jaitmal Rathore)
9. Batherda (Sarangdevot)
10. Bavlas (Ranawat)
11. Bemali (Choondawat)
12. Bhadesar (Choondawat)
13. Bhagwanpura (Choondawat)
14. Bhopalnagar ( Chauhan)
15. Bhunas ( Bhunawaas, Baba Ranawat)
16. Binota (Shaktawat)
17. Chavand (Choondawat)
18. Dharyavad (Dhariawad) (Ranawat)
19. Falichda (Falichra) (Chauhan)
20. Jarkhana (Dhanerya,Ranawat) Descendants of Second son of the first Shivrati Maharaj Arjun Singh, who was the fourth son of Maharana Sangram Singh II, AD 1710-1734
21 . Kheroda (Mertia Rathore) - Prathvirajot subclan 22. Kareda (Choondawat)
23. Karoi (Ranawat)
24. Kelwa (Jaitmal Rathore)
25. Khairabad (Kherabad) (Veeramdevot-Baba Ranawat)- Elder house of the descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
26. Lasani (Choondawat)
27. Loonda (Choondawat)
28. Mahua (Mahuva) (Ranawat)
29. Maharaj ki Netawal (Ranawat)
30. Nimbaheda (Mertia Rathore)
31. Peeladhar (Sisodia) 32. Rampura (Mertia Rathore)
33. Sangramgadh (Choondawat)
34. Sanjela (choondawat)
35. Sanwar (Viramdevot- Baba Ranawat) descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Viramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
35. Thana (Choondawat)
36. Vijaipur (Bijaipur) (Achlawat-Shaktawat)
37. NANDSHA(JAGIR)(CHUNDAWAT)

Category 3 of Mewad Sardars

1. Aarjya (Ajarya) (Chavda)
2. Amlda (Kanawat)
3. Athun (Athoon) (Poorawat)
4. Bambora (Choondawat)
5. Bansra (Ranawat)
6. Barliawas (Barlyawas) (Ranawat)
7. Bassi (Choondawat)
8. Bhadu (Choondawat)
9. Bhanpura (Dulhawat)
10. Bokhada (Dulhawat)
11. Dabla (Mertia)
12. Daulatgadh(Choondawat)
13. Gadar Mala (Gadarmala)
14. Gudla (Gudlan) (Chauhan)
15. Gurlan (Poorawat)
16. Gyangadh(Choondawat)
17. Hinta (Shaktawat)
18. Jagpura (Mertia Rathore)
19. Jamoli (Baba)
20. Jeelola
21. Jeewana (Veeramdevot- Baba Ranawat)- descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
22. Jhadol (Jharol) (Jhala)
23. Kaladwas(Chavda)
24. Kankarwa (Veeramdevot-Baba Ranawat)- descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
25. Kantora (Rathore)
26. Kerya (Poorawat)
27. Kunthawas (Kunthavas) (Shaktawat), (Sisodiya)
28. Mangrop (Poorawat)
29. Marchya Khedi(Solanki)
30. Moie
31. Muroli
32. Neemri (Mahecha Rathore)
33. Pahuna (Veeramdevot- Baba Ranawat)descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
34. Pansal (Shaktawat)
35. Parsad (Prasad) (Sisodia)
36. Pithawas (Peethwas) (Choondawat)
37. Rood (Shaktawat)
38. Roopnagar (Rupnagar) (Solanki)
39. Samal (Dulhawat)
40. Satola (Choondawat)
41. Semari (Shaktawat)
42. Khodiyo Ka Khera (Shaktawat)
43. Sihar (Shaktawat)
44. Singhada (Dulhawat)
45. Singoli (Poorawat)
46. Taal (Choondawat)
47. Taloli (Choondawat)
48. Junda (Chouhan)
49. Gopalpura[Koon](Shaktawat)
50 Mandakala (Shaktawat) 51. bhanpura ranawat 52. Thana{chundawat}

Bhomiya Sardars of Mewad

1. Jawaas (Chauhan)
2. Jooda ( Chauhan)
3. Pahada (Chauhan)
4. Panerwa ( Solanki)
5. Ogna ( Solanki)
v

6. Madri (Sarangdewot)
7. OOmeriya (Solanki)
8. Chaani (Chauhan)
9. Thana ( Chauhan)
10. Nainwada
11. Sarwan
12. Paatiya (Panwar)

13. juda kotra > sindal Rathore

See also

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  2. ↑ John Merci, Kim Smith; James Leuck (1922). "Muslim conquest and the Rajputs". The Medieval History of India pg 67-115
  3. ↑ Udaipur (Mewar) Princely State (19 gun salute).
  4. ↑ Princely States of India
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 The Rajputs of Rajputana: a glimpse of medieval Rajasthan by M. S. Naravane ISBN 81-7648-118-1

Coordinates: 24°35′N 73°41′E / 24.58°N 73.68°E / 24.58; 73.68

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